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Table 2 Distribution and WCST performance under standard or modified administration (verbalization) of subjects on atypical and classical AP treatment.

From: The effect of verbalization strategy on wisconsin card sorting test performance in schizophrenic patients receiving classical or atypical antipsychotics

WCST indexes

WCST performance

 

Total sample

Good

Poor

Remediable

 

Atypical AP (n = 33)

Classical AP (n = 30)

Atypical AP (n = 21)

Classical AP (n = 19)

Atypical AP (n = 5)

Classical AP (n = 11)

Atypical AP (n = 7)

Categories Achieved a, e, i

       

Standard adm.

4.1 ± 2.4§

3.8 ± 2.4*

5.8 ± 0.5

5.4 ± 1.2

0.0 ± 0.0

1.0 ± 1.0

2.0 ± 1.4§

Verbalization

5.0 ± 1.9

4.2 ± 2.1

5.9 ± 0.4

5.8 ± 0.5

0.8 ± 1.3

1.5 ± 0.6

5.4 ± 0.7

Perseverative Errors b, f, l

       

Standard adm.

13.8 ± 9.0

21.4 ± 13.5

10.5 ± 6.6#

18.7 ± 13.6§

19.2 ± 7.8

26.0 ± 12.7§

20.0 ± 12.0

Verbalization

6.9 ± 8.7

19.6 ± 22.2

2.7 ± 5.0

7.1 ± 12.1

18.8 ± 6.5

41.3 ± 18.7

11.0 ± 9.5

Total Errors c, g, m

       

Standard adm.

27.1 ± 13.9#

35.0 ± 17.0

19.1 ± 8.3#

28.8 ± 16.9**

38.8 ± 8.9

45.8 ± 11.2*

42.8 ± 11.1*

Verbalization

17.3 ± 17.6

30.5 ± 27.5

8.1 ± 9.7

15.4 ± 19.8

46.6 ± 10.0

56.6 ± 17.6

23.9 ± 15.1

Unique Errors d, h, n

       

Standard adm.

2.3 ± 5.6

1.5 ± 2.4§

1.0 ± 2.4

1.2 ± 1.9*

1.6 ± 3.5

1.9 ± 3.1

6.7 ± 10.6

Verbalization

1.5 ± 4.1

0.1 ± 0.3

0.2 ± 0.6

0.0 ± 0.2

5.0 ± 8.6

0.1 ± 0.5

2.8 ± 4.5

  1. 2-way mixed ANOVAs
  2. Total sample
  3. AP treatment effect (A): a F = 1.0 NS; b F = 10.7 P < 0.0025; c F = 5.7 P < 0.025; d F = 1.8 NS.
  4. Remediation effect (B): a F = 14.6 P < 0.0005; b F = 5.6 P < 0.025; c F = 10.3 P < 0.0025; d F = 5.6 P < 0.025.
  5. A × B interaction: a F = 1.51 NS; b F = 2.04 NS; c F = 1.43 NS; d F = 0.47 NS
  6. Good performers
  7. AP treatment effect (A): e F = 1.5 NS; f F = 5.5 P < 0.025; g F = 4.8 P < 0.05; h F = 0.0 NS.
  8. Remediation effect (B): e F = 2.9 NS; f F = 35.1 P < 0.0005; g F = 26.4 P < 0.0005; h F = 7.0 P < 0.025.
  9. A × B interaction: e F = 1.1 NS; f F = 1.3 NS; g F = 0.2 NS; h F = 0.4 NS
  10. Poor performers
  11. AP treatment effect (A): i F = 4.9 p < 0.05; l F = 4.6 P < 0.05; m F = 1.7 NS; n F = 1.4 NS.
  12. Remediation effect (B): i F = 6.4 P < 0.025; l F = 4.9 P < 0.05; m F = 7.6 P < 0.025; n F = 0.6 NS.
  13. A × B interaction: i F = 0.2 NS; l F = 5.5 P < 0.05; m F = 0.2 NS; n F = 6.0 P < 0.05
  14. Paired t-tests Standard adm vs Verbalization: * P < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; § P < 0.005; # P < 0.0005
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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