Improvement and decline of cognitive function in schizophrenia over one year: a longitudinal investigation using latent growth modelling

Barnett, Jennifer H; Croudace, Tim J; Jaycock, Sue; Blackwell, Candice; Hynes, Fiona; Sahakian, Barbara J; Joyce, Eileen M; Jones, Peter B

doi:10.1186/1471-244X-7-16

Table 3 Multivariate regression of covariates on latent growth models of cognitive measures in CUtLASS.

From: Improvement and decline of cognitive function in schizophrenia over one year: a longitudinal investigation using latent growth modelling

	Pattern Recognition		Spatial Recognition		SWM Errors		SWM Strategy		SoC Solutions		SoC Initial Thinking		SoC Subsequent Thinking		Motor Latency
	Est (SE)	r²/d	Est (SE)	R²/d	Est (SE)	r²/d	Est (SE)	r²/d	Est (SE)	r²/d	Est (SE)	r²/d	Est (SE)	r²/d	Est (SE)	r²/d
Intercept:
NART-IQ	0.47 (0.19)	0.31	0.21 (0.18)	0.18	-1.08 (0.29)	0.46	-0.08 (0.05)	0.33	0.14 (0.02)	0.60	-0.13 (0.08)	0.25	-0.92 (0.29)	0.41	-0.13 (0.08)	0.25
Age	-0.35 (0.17)	0.29	-0.31 (0.15)	0.32	1.03 (0.25)	0.53	0.01 (0.04)	0.03	-0.13 (0.02)	0.63	0.14 (0.07)	0.33	1.30 (0.22)	0.69	0.14 (0.07)	0.33
Sex	10.6 (4.04)	0.73	-7.86 (3.61)	0.69	14.8 (6.43)	0.64	0.85 (1.06)	0.35	-1.36 (0.57)	0.55	3.04 (1.71)	0.60	8.59 (5.64)	0.38	3.04 (1.71)	0.60
FGA	5.91 (5.02)	0.41	-2.70 (4.50)	0.24	-2.55 (7.87)	0.11	-1.02 (1.25)	0.42	-0.93 (0.70)	0.38	2.67 (2.08)	0.53	4.29 (7.16)	0.19	2.67 (2.08)	0.53
SGA	2.17 (4.60)	0.15	-1.15 (4.13)	0.10	12.55 (6.81)	0.54	-0.32 (1.02)	0.13	-1.46 (0.61)	0.59	2.06 (1.92)	0.41	21.8 (6.24)	0.98	2.06 (1.92)	0.41
Slope:
NART-IQ	0.02 (0.05)	0.09	0.09 (0.05)	0.59	-0.05 (0.08)	0.21	-0.01 (0.01)	0.19	-0.01 (0.01)	0.31	0.03 (0.02)	0.40	0.07 (0.09)	0.21	0.03 (0.02)	0.40
Age	-0.08 (0.04)	0.46	-0.01 (0.04)	0.09	-0.02 (0.07)	0.10	0.02 (0.01)	0.44	0.00 (0.01)	0.08	0.04 (0.02)	0.55	-0.16 (0.07)	0.55	0.04 (0.02)	0.55
Sex	1.35 (0.87)	0.68	-1.51 (0.84)	1.05	-3.76 (1.66)	1.72	0.01 (0.04)	0.00	0.42 (0.13)	0.55	-0.27 (0.45)	0.32	-1.52 (1.51)	0.44	-0.27 (0.45)	0.32
FGA	-0.27 (1.12)	0.14	-0.46 (1.08)	0.32	-1.29 (2.05)	0.63	-0.22 (0.25)	0.50	0.33 (0.17)	0.96	-0.47 (0.55)	0.56	-3.53 (1.90)	1.03	-0.47 (0.55)	0.56
SGA	0.77 (1.01)	0.39	-1.02 (0.99)	0.36	-1.40 (1.70)	0.64	0.04 (0.20)	0.08	0.12 (0.15)	0.36	-0.01 (0.52)	0.01	-3.21 (1.67)	0.93	-0.01 (0.52)	0.01
Better at trial entry	MEN, YOUNGER HIGHER IQ		MEN, YOUNGER		WOMEN, YOUNGER HIGHER IQ		-		MEN, YOUNGER HIGHER IQ, SGA,		YOUNGER		YOUNGER, HIGHER IQ		YOUNGER
Faster to improve	-		-		MEN		YOUNGER		WOMEN, FGA		OLDER		OLDER		YOUNGER

Covariates are: NART-predicted IQ, age, sex, drug class [FGA,SGA,clozapine]. Regression of covariates on 'best-fit' latent growth models. Bold = Wald Ratio (Estimate: Standard Error) reliable at p < 0.05 (i.e. significant effect on growth factor). Effect sizes: r ² given for continuous covariates (age, NART); Cohen's d for categorical ones (sex, FGA, SGA)

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ISSN: 1471-244X

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