Mono-dimensional (e.g. language behaviors) | → | Multi-dimensional (e.g. values, spirituality) |
Mono-level (the individual) | → | Bi-level (the individual and the social group) |
Mono-directional (acculturation to the host country) | → | Bi-directional (bicultural identity) |
Mono-ethnic (designed for one group of migrants) | → | Multi-ethnic (applicable across several ethnic or cultural groups) |