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Table 1 Methodology

From: Effectiveness of second generation antipsychotics: A systematic review of randomized trials

Study

Comparators

Doses (DDD)

Diagnoses

Age

Phase/status

N0/Nitt/N1

Follow-up

Funding

FIRST EPISODE

        

Crespo-Facorro et al. [24]

Haloperidol

Olanzapine

Risperidone

5.4 mg (0.68)

15.3 mg (1.53)

4.0 mg (0.80)

Schizophrenia and related, non-affective psychosis

15–60 years

Acute, first episode in- and outpatients

172/172/165

6 weeks

Independent

McEvoy et al. [25]

Olanzapine

Quetiapine

Risperidone

11.7 mg (1.17)

506.0 mg (1.27)

2.4 mg (0.5)

Schizophrenia, schizoaffective- schizophreniform disorder

16–40 years

Acute, first episode in- and outpatients

400/-/119

12 months

AstraZeneca company

Robinson et al. [26]

Olanzapine

Risperidone

11.8 mg (1.18)

3.9 mg (0.78)

Schizophrenia, schizoaffective- schizophreniform disorder

16–40 years

Acute, first episode

120/112/81

4 months

Independent

ACUTE PHASE

        

Chrzanowski et al. [27]

Aripiprazole

Olanzapine

22.0 mg (1.47)

14.2 mg (1.42)

Schizophrenia

≥ 18 years

Acute psychosis/chronic stable in- and outpatients

214/214/147

52 weeks

BMS/Otsuka

Kraus et al. [28]

Olanzapine

Risperidone

12.4 mg (1.24)

3.4 mg (0.39)

Psychosis; positive symptoms

18–60 years

Acute, inpatients

85/-/68

Not defined

Independent

McCue et al. [29]

Aripiprazole

Haloperidol

Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone

21.8 mg1 (1.45)

16.0 mg 1(2.00)

19.1 mg 1(1.91)

652.5 mg1 (1.63)

5.2 mg1 (1.04)

151.2 mg1 (1.89)

Schizophrenia, schizoaffective- schizophreniform disorder

≥ 18 years

Acute, inpatients

327/319/301

3 weeks

Independent

CHRONIC PHASE

        

Jerrel [30]

Olanzapine

Risperidone

Haloperidol

Haloperidol (d)

Fluphenazine (d)

13.8 mg (1.38)

5.3 mg (1.06)

15.5 mg (1.93)

6.3 mg (1.92)

3.0 mg (0.43)

Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder

18–54 years

Chronic, inpatients acute care

108/-/84

12 months

Independent

Lieberman et al. [31]

Olanzapine

Perphenazine

Quetiapine

Risperidone

Ziprasidone

20.1 mg (2.01)

20.8 mg (0.69)

543.4 mg (1.36)

3.9 mg (0.78)

112.8 mg (1.41)

Schizophrenia

18–65 years

Chronic, not treatment resistant, in- and outpatients

1493/1432/371

18 months

Independent

Mullen et al. [32]

Quetiapine

Risperidone

329.0 mg (0.82)

5.0 mg (1.00)

Psychotic disorders2

> 18 years

Outpatients

728/-/493

4 months

AstraZeneca company

Ritchie et al. [33]

Olanzapine

Risperidone

9.9 mg (0.99)

1.7 mg (0.34)

Schizophrenia

> 60 years

Outpatients, switch from FGAs

66/61/52

switch period (mean 40 days)

Eli Lilly company

Ritchie et al. [34]

Olanzapine

Risperidone

12.4 mg (1.24)

2.0 mg (0.39)

Schizophrenia

> 60 years

Outpatients, switch from FGAs

66/61/42

6 months

Eli Lilly company

Rosenheck et al. [35]

Olanzapine

Perphenazine

Quetiapine

Risperidone

Ziprasidone

Not disclosed

-

-

-

-

Schizophrenia

18–65 years

Chronic, not treatment resistant, in- and outpatients

1493/1424/363

18 months

Independent

Stroup et al. [36]

Olanzapine

Quetiapine

Risperidone

Ziprasidone

20.5 mg (2.05)

565.2 mg (1.41)

4.1 mg (0.82)

115.9 mg (1.45)

Schizophrenia

18–65 years

Chronic, not treatment resistant, in- and outpatients, discontinued previous SGA because of intolerability

444/333/88

18 months

Independent

Stroup et al. [37]

Olanzapine

Quetiapine

Risperidone

20.7 mg (2.07)

586.1 mg (1.47)

3.7 mg (0.74)

Schizophrenia

18–65 years

Chronic, not treatment resistant, in- and outpatients, discontinued Perphenazine

115/114/37

18 months

Independent

Swartz et al. [38]

Olanzapine

Perphenazine

Quetiapine

Risperidone

Ziprasidone

Not disclosed

-

-

-

-

Schizophrenia

18–65 years

Chronic, not treatment resistant, in- and outpatients

1493/985/455

18 months

Independent

Tunis et al. [39]

Olanzapine

Risperidone

Haloperidol

Perphenazine

13.5 mg (1.35)

4.9 mg (0.99)

11.0 mg (1.37)

14.2 mg (0.47)

Schizophrenia, schizoaffective- schizophreniform disorder, ≥ 18 on the BPRS

≥ 18 years

Primarily outpatients

664/-/455

12 months

Eli Lilly company

  1. Abbreviations: Comparators = Antipsychotics being compared in the studies; Doses = Mean daily doses of the antipsychotics; DDD = Defined Daily Doses of the antipsychotics; Diagnoses = Diagnoses defined in inclusion criteria; Age = Age of study participants; Phase = Phase of psychotic illness of study participants: acute or chronic; Status = Status of study participants: first episode, inpatients, outpatients; N0 = Number of participants at baseline; Nitt = Number in intention to treat group (not disclosed in all studies as indicated by (-)), N1 = Number of completers; Follow-up = Duration of study follow-up; Funding = Financial support of study; BMS = Bristol-Myers Squibb; Otsuka = Otsuka America Pharmaceuticals, inc.; Independent = Study financially supported by sources independent of the pharmaceutical industry. A = Aripiprazole, FGAs = First generation antipsychotics, H = Haloperidol, O = Olanzapine, P = Perphenazine, Q = Quetiapine, R = Risperidone, Z = Ziprasidone, BPRS = the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, d = depot formulation.
  2. 1 Mean maximum daily dosage
  3. 2 Schizophrenia, schizophreniform -, schizoaffective -, delusional disorder, major depressive disorder with psychotic features, Alzheimer's dementia with psychotic symptoms, vascular dementia, dementia due to substance abuse