Table 2 Treatment variables by treatment cohort
Parameter [statistic] | All patients | Olanzapine vs. non-olanzapine | Risperidone vs. non-risperidone | Haloperidol vs. non-haloperidol | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLZ | Non-OLZ | RIS | Non-RIS | HAL | Non-HAL | |||||
(N = 558) | (N = 390) | (N = 168) | p-value | (N = 72) | (N = 486) | p-value | (N = 132) | (N = 426) | p-value | |
Previous pharmacological treatment a | ||||||||||
Any previous medication n (%) | 291 (52.2) | 191 (49.0) | 100 (59.5) | 0.022 | 45 (62.5) | 246 (50.6) | 0.060 | 64 (48.5) | 227 (53.3) | 0.335 |
Any antipsychotic n (%) | 214 (38.4) | 130 (33.3) | 84 (50.0) | < .001 | 38 (52.8) | 176 (36.2) | 0.007 | 52 (39.4) | 162 (38.0) | 0.778 |
Olanzapine, n (%) | 52 (9.3) | 48 (12.3) | 4 (2.4) | 5 (6.9) | 47 (9.7) | 13 (9.8) | 39 (9.2) | |||
Risperidone, n (%) | 50 (9.0) | 26 (6.7) | 24 (14.3) | 30 (41.7) | 20 (4.1) | 11 (8.3) | 39 (9.2) | |||
Haloperidol, n (%) | 45 (8.1) | 30 (7.7) | 15 (8.9) | 5 (6.9) | 40 (8.2) | 25 (18.9) | 20 (4.7) | |||
Quetiapine, n (%) | 19 (3.4) | 6 (1.5) | 13 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (3.9) | 4 (3.0) | 15 (3.5) | |||
Any benzodiazepine n (%) | 106 (19.0) | 75 (19.2) | 31 (18.5) | 0.830 | 10 (13.9) | 96 (19.8) | 0.236 | 22 (16.7) | 84 (19.7) | 0.435 |
Lorazepam, n (%) | 51 (9.1) | 36 (9.2) | 15 (8.9) | 6 (8.3) | 45 (9.3) | 14 (10.6) | 37 (8.7) | |||
Diazepam, n (%) | 43 (7.7) | 29 (7.4) | 14 (8.3) | 3 (4.2) | 40 (8.2) | 7 (5.3) | 36 (8.5) | |||
Mood stabilizer n (%) | 67 (12.0) | 48 (12.3) | 19 (11.3) | 0.939 | 7 (9.7) | 60 (12.3) | 0.568 | 11 (8.3) | 56 (13.1) | 0.141 |
Antidepressants n (%) | 64 (11.5) | 47 (12.1) | 17 (10.1) | 0.679 | 8 (11.1) | 56 (11.5) | 0.976 | 9 (6.8) | 55 (12.9) | 0.056 |
Antipsychotic monotherapy n (%) | 227 (40.7) | 183 (46.9) | 44 (26.2) | < .001 | 13 (18.1) | 214 (44.0) | < .001 | 11 (8.3) | 216 (50.7) | < .001 |
Concomitant benzodiazepine use | ||||||||||
Any benzodiazepine use n (%) [95% CI (%)] | 389 (69.7) [65.7–73.5] | 268 (68.7) [63.9–73.3] | 121 (72.0) [64.6–78.7] | 0.436 | 52 (72.2) [60.4–82.1] | 337 (69.3) [65.0–73.4] | 0.620 | 110 (83.3) [75.9–89.3] | 279 (65.5) [60.8–70.0] | < .001 |
Lorazepam, n (%) | 248 (44.4) | 177 (45.4) | 71 (42.3) | 35 (48.6) | 213 (43.8) | 65 (49.2) | 183 (43.0) | |||
Diazepam, n (%) | 175 (31.4) | 109 (27.9) | 66 (39.3) | 29 (40.3) | 146 (30.0) | 75 (56.8) | 100 (23.5) | |||
Other, n (%) | 64 (11.5) | 38 (9.7) | 26 (15.5) | 12 (16.7) | 52 (10.7) | 12 (9.1) | 52 (12.2) | |||
Benzodiazepine doseb mean (SD), mg | 81.3 (58.1) | 77.9 (52.5) | 89.0 (68.5) | 0.081 | 86.4 (72.5) | 80.6 (55.6) | 0.497 | 76.4 (50.6) | 83.3 (60.8) | 0.296 |