Discontinuation of hypnotics during cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia

BMC Psychiatry

Table 2 Comparison of clinical symptom scales and sleep parameters before and after CBT, n = 28.

	Pre-treatment	Post-treatment	Significance
Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]	17.68 (s.d. 4.49)	10.89 (s.d. 5.40)	p < 0.001 ^a
Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]	11.75 (s.d. 5.25)	8.64 (s.d. 5.07)	p = 0.03 ^a
Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]	7.0 (IQR 2.0–10.0)*	2.0 (IQR 0–6.0)*	p < 0.001 ^b
Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]	10.07 (s.d. 6.41)	5.39 (s.d. 4.43)	p = 0.002 ^a
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAMD]	6.5 (IQR 3.0–10.5)*	1.0 (IQR 0–1.5)*	p < 0.001 ^b
modified Clinical Global Impression [mCGI] (mCGI-Severity for pre-treatment and mCGI-Impression for post-treatment conditions)	9.0 (IQR 8.0–10.0)*	4.0 (IQR 2.0–4.5)*	p < 0.001 ^b
Total sleep time TST [min]	361.80 (s.d.113.20)	454.12 (s.d.59.37)	p = 0.01 ^a
Sleep latency SL [min]	26.0 (IQR 11.98–46.10)*	7.25 (IQR 3.83–13.0)*	p = 0.004 ^b
Sleep efficiency SE [%]	77.58 (s.d. 19.28)	89.60 (s.d. 8.43)	p = 0.004 ^a
Wake after sleep onset WASO [min]	80.42 (s.d. 56.85)	48.27 (s.d. 37.17)	p = 0.02 ^a
Stage 1 [min]	28.5 (IQR 22.0–41.75)*	22.75 (IQR 16.5–37.0)*	p = 0.29^b
Stage 2 [min]	154.48 (s.d. 51.43)	149.12 (s.d. 55.72)	p = 0.72^a
Stage 3+4 [min]	112.52 (s.d. 80.62)	175.09 (s.d. 94.09)	p = 0.01 ^a
REM [min]	65.59 (s.d. 43.49)	107.91 (s.d. 49.12)	p = 0.001 ^a

In most cases data are expressed as the mean (standard deviation). Characters in bold indicate significance (p < 0.05).
* Data are presented as median (interquartile range) due to non-normal data distribution
^a – Paired-Samples T test; ^b – Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test;
IQR – interquartile range; s.d. – standard deviation; N.S. – non significant

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