Table 3 Changes in clinical symptom scales and sleep parameters after CBT presented for the separate subgroups.
From: Discontinuation of hypnotics during cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia
Hypnotics non-abusing (N = 13) | Hypnotics abusing (N = 15) | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|
Insomnia Severity Index [ISI] | -5.7 (s.d. 4.93) | -6.9 (s.d. 3.97) | p = 0.48a |
Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] | -2.00 (IQR -4.0 – 0)* | -1.5 (IQR -2.5 – 0.25)* | p = 0.43b |
Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] | -4.33 (s.d. 4.53) | -3.50 (s.d. 3.94) | p = 0.61a |
Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI] | -5.00 (s.d. 4.60) | -4.71 (s.d. 5.77) | p = 0.88a |
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAMD] | -4.0 (IQR -9.0 – -2.0)* | -3.50 (IQR -9.75 – -2.75)* | p = 0.98b |
modified Clinical Global Impression Improvement [mCGI-I] | 4.0 (IQR 3.0–5.0)* | 3.0 (IQR 2.0–4.0)* | p = 0.16b |
Total sleep time TST [min] | 84.60 (s.d. 101.36) | 83.28 (s.d. 137.99) | p = 0.98a |
Sleep latency SL [min] | -12.25 (IQR -25.0 – 2.0)* | -17.00 (IQR -31.68 – -5.75)* | p = 0.48b |
Sleep efficiency SE (%) | 6.16 (s.d. 6.12) | 19.95 (s.d. 25.0) | p = 0.02 a |
Wake after sleep onset WASO (min) | -25.81 (s.d. 28.69) | -36.86 (s.d. 71.94) | p = 0.003 a |
Stage 1 [min] | -4.20 (s.d. 21.17) | -2.64 (s.d. 26.11) | p = 0.87a |
Stage 2 [min] | -3.43 (s.d. 56.79) | -4.88 (s.d. 49.25) | p = 0.94a |
Stage 3+4 [min] | 68.34 (s.d. 98.00) | 61.90 (s.d. 86.46) | p = 0.86a |
REM [min] | 45.88 (s.d. 69.41) | 36.23 (s.d. 52.13) | p = 0.68a |