Early trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy to prevent chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and related symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Summary of meta-analyses

Outcome	Months post-treatment	Studies	n	Effect estimate (95% CI)	Heterogeneity (I²)
PTSD diagnosis	3–6	[11–13, 17, 18]	233	RR 0.49 (0.25 to 0.94)	71%
	9	[17]	46	RR 1.09 (0.46 to 2.61)	---
	36–48	[14, 15]	169	RR 0.73 (0.51 to 1.04)	0%
Impact of Event Scale: Intrusion	6
		[11–13, 18]	176	SMD -0.63 (-0.95 to -0.30)	0%
Avoidance		[11–13, 18]	176	SMD -0.87 (-1.47 to -0.27)	65%
Interviewer-rated PTSD severity	3	[17]	42	SMD -0.22 (-0.83 to 0.38)	---
	9	[17]	46	SMD 0.11 (-0.47 to 0.69)	---
Self-rated PTSD severity	3	[17]	38	SMD -0.35 (-0.99 to 0.30)	---
	9	[17]	46	SMD -0.18 (-0.76 to 0.40)	---
Anxiety	3–6	[11–13, 17, 18]	214	SMD -0.56 (-0.85 to -0.27)	0%
	9	[17]	45	SMD -0.42 (-1.01 to 0.17)	---
Depression	3–6	[11–13, 17, 18]	217	SMD -0.34 (-0.62 to -0.05)	20%
	9	[17]	45	SMD -0.08 (-0.66 to 0.50)	---
	36	[15]	53	SMD -0.97 (-1.59 to -0.35)	---

PTSD, post-traumatic stress syndrome; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standardised mean difference; TFCBT, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy; SC, supportive counselling

ISSN: 1471-244X