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Table 2 Exposure to Traumatic Events and War Crimes

From: Returning home: forced conscription, reintegration, and mental health status of former abductees of the Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda

Direct Violent Exposure

 

All

Not Abducted

Abducted

Was displaced

2,450

1,546

904

 

(85.4%)

(80.4%)

(95.6%)

Lost income due to conflict

2,441

1,562

879

 

(85.1%)

(81.3%)

(92.9%)

House destroyed

2,412

1,505

907

 

(84.1%)

(78.3%)

(95.9%)

Lost productive assets

2,387

1,490

897

 

(83.2%)

(77.5%)

(94.8%)

Was beaten by the LRA

587

57

540

 

(20.8%)

(3.0%)

(57.1%)

Was maimed by the LRA

173

23

150

 

(6.0%)

(1.2%)

(15.9%)

Was sexually violated

61

22

39

 

(2.1%)

(1.1%)

(4.1%)

Problem with UPDF

645

369

276

 

(22.5%)

(19.2%)

(29.2%)

Forced by LRA to walk long distances

833

89

744

 

(29.0%)

(4.6%)

(78.6%)

Forced by LRA to carry loads

727

26

701

 

(25.30%)

(1.4%)

(74.1%)

Mean Cumulative General Exposure (S.D.)*

4.94

4.16

6.61

 

(2.00)

(1.79)

(1.28)

Exposure as Witness

Witnessed an attack by LRA

1,988

1,114

874

 

(69.3%)

(58.0%)

(92.4%)

Witnessed LRA/UPDF fight

1,259

653

606

 

(43.9%)

(34.0%)

(64.1%)

Witnessed an abduction

1,812

935

877

 

(63.2%)

(48.6%)

(92.7%)

Witnessed s.o. beaten by LRA

1,531

718

813

 

(53.4%)

(37.4%)

(85.9%)

Witnessed s.o. beaten by UPDF

1,187

662

525

 

(41.4%)

(34.4%)

(55.5%)

Witnessed s.o. killed by the LRA

931

406

525

 

(32.5%)

(21.1%)

(55.5%)

Witnessed HH member killed by LRA

709

307

402

 

(24.7%)

(16.0%)

(42.5%)

Witnessed s.o. sexually violated by LRA

249

84

165

 

(8.7%)

(4.4%)

(17.4%)

Witnessed s.o. sexually violated by other

243

111

132

 

(8.5%)

(5.8%)

(14.0%)

Mean Cumulative Witness Exposure (S.D.)*

3

2.47

5.19

 

(2.57)

(2.43)

(1.86)

Secondary Exposure

   

At least 1 family member killed

2,115

1,272

843

 

(73.7%)

(66.2%)

(89.1%)

Spouse/Partner killed

88

53

35

 

(3.1%)

(2.8%)

(3.7%)

Mother killed

141

73

68

 

(4.9%)

(3.8%)

(7.2%)

Father killed

304

159

145

 

(10.6%)

(8.3%)

(15.3%)

Brother killed

870

466

404

 

(30.3%)

(24.2%)

(42.7%)

Sister killed

257

132

125

 

(9.0%)

(6.9%)

(13.2%)

Son killed

226

132

94

 

(7.9%)

(6.9%)

(9.9%)

Daughter killed

72

41

31

 

(2.5%)

(2.1%)

(3.3%)

Grandmother killed

74

48

26

 

(2.6%)

(2.5%)

(2.7%)

Grandfather killed

117

83

34

 

(4.1%)

(4.3%)

(3.6%)

Family member was abducted

1,106

582

524

 

(38.6%)

(30.3%)

(55.6%)

Mean Cumulative Secondary Exposure (S.D.)

1.15

0.93

1.61

 

(1.10)

(1.04)

(1.10)

Forced Acts of Violence During Captivity by the LRA

Forced to loot

NA

NA

353

   

(37.2%)

Forced to beat or injure someone

NA

NA

167

   

(17.6%)

Forced to kill someone

NA

NA

76

   

(7.6%)

Mean Cumulative Forced Acts of Violence (S.D.)

NA

NA

0.62

   

(0.92)

  1. *p-value < .001 for difference in mean cumulative exposure between abducted and non-abducted people