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Table 1 Neurobiological correlates and overlap of symptoms with other psychiatric disorders [modified from 4].

From: Developmental psychopathology: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

disorder

symptoms

Involved neuroanatomic regions

Substance abuse

Reduction of tension, enhancement of capacity to concentrate in certain situations, emotional stabilization

Striatum, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex

Depressive disorders

Problems with concentration, lack of drive, feelings of exhaustion, self doubts, social isolation, sleeping problems

Prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala

Anxiety Disorders

Self doubts, insecurity, phobic reactions, attention bias

Prefrontal cortex, anterior cinguler cortex, insular- and orbitofrontar cortex, amygdala, ventral striatum, grey layers

Anti social personality disorder

Problems abiding to social norms, lower threshold for aggressive-violent behavior lack of adaptive problem solving strategies, low tolerance to frustration

Orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, limbic system

Borderline-personality disorder

Disregulated emotional responsiveness, lack of adaptive problem solving strategies, affective instability, disorder of identity, instable but intensive relationships, inappropriate anger or problems to control anger

Orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala