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Table 4 Associations (odds ratios) between risk factors from four domains and lifetime any substance abuse/dependence among young adults in Finland (n = 540)a

From: Prevalence and correlates of alcohol and other substance use disorders in young adulthood: A population-based study

 

Univariate

Blocks

Blocks+age & sex

Model I

Model II

Model III

Model IV

Model V

 

OR

(95% CI)

AOR

(95% CI)

AOR

(95% CI)

AOR

(95% CI)

AOR

(95% CI)

AOR

(95% CI)

AOR

(95% CI)

AOR

(95% CI)

Behavioral & affective factors

                

Attention or behavior problems at school

                

   No

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

   Yes

11.6

(5.61-23.97)

7.0

(3.27-14.79)

6.8

(2.93-15.63)

6.8

(2.93-15.63)

6.0

(2.53-14.19)

5.0

(2.02-12.23)

4.9

(1.80-13.48)

3.4

(1.13-10.11)

   Missing

11.2

(5.64-22.15)

8.3

(4.21-16.55)

8.1

(4.15-15.72)

8.1

(4.15-15.72)

2.2

(.20-24.08)

5.2

(2.29-11.95)

6.5

(3.25-13.11)

1.6

(.24-11.09)

Aggression

                

   Low

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

   Moderate

1.4

(.61-3.34)

1.3

(.56-2.99)

1.6

(.67-3.87)

1.6

(.67-3.87)

1.8

(.74-4.17)

1.4

(.52-3.56)

1.4

(.55-3.37)

1.3

(.51-3.41)

   High

7.6

(3.59-16.03)

3.5

(1.55-7.80)

4.3

(1.84-9.90)

4.3

(1.84-9.90)

4.1

(1.77-9.64)

3.5

(1.32-9.44)

3.0

(1.21-7.61)

2.7

(.94-7.79)

Anxiousness

                

   Low

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

   Moderate

2.5

(1.39-4.54)

1.4

(.69-2.99)

2.2

(1.01-4.65)

2.2

(1.01-4.65)

2.0

(.92-4.40)

2.9

(1.37-6.19)

2.5

(1.14-5.40)

3.0

(1.33-6.91)

   High

7.7

(2.87-20.58)

1.8

(.58-5.62)

3.0

(.92-9.98)

3.0

(.92-9.98)

3.2

(.99-10.40)

3.8

(1.08-13.65)

3.2

(.86-11.71)

4.0

(1.07-15.14)

Parental factors

                

Parental alcohol problems

                

   No

1

 

1

 

1

   

1

     

1

 

   Yes

2.4

(1.22-4.76)

2.2

(1.09-4.44)

2.4

(1.13-5.03)

  

1.5

(.72-3.30)

    

1.6

(.73-3.59)

   Missing

6.5

(3.22-13.05)

4.3

(1.75-10.77)

3.6

(1.36-9.73)

  

3.4

(1.03-11.58)

    

2.7

(.82-9.04)

Parental basic education

                

   Some high school

1

 

1

 

1

   

1

     

1

 

   Less than high school

2.9

(1.38-6.23)

2.8

(1.28-5.93)

3.0

(1.35-6.55)

  

2.3

(.97-5.60)

    

1.9

(.78-4.76)

   Missing

12.3

(5.11-29.63)

5.1

(1.67-15.77)

6.8

(2.06-22.54)

  

2.8

(.20-39.57)

    

2.6

(.38-18.43)

Age at substance use initiation

                

Daily smoking

                

   Non-smoker

1

 

1

 

1

     

1

   

1

 

   >17 years

4.3

(1.70-11.01)

4.0

(1.46-10.89)

3.7

(1.36-9.94)

    

3.1

(1.07-9.00)

  

3.4

(1.21-9.51)

   15-17 years

5.0

(2.10-12.09)

4.4

(1.77-10.91)

4.2

(1.64-10.82)

    

3.4

(1.29-9.18)

  

3.0

(1.10-8.29)

   <15 years

14.5

(5.92-35.33)

8.9

(3.21-24.90)

9.9

(3.37-28.80)

    

8.5

(2.89-25.11)

  

7.5

(2.56-22.19)

Drinking to intoxication

                

   >17 years or never

1

 

1

 

1

     

1

   

1

 

   15-17 years

2.0

(.97-4.05)

1.3

(.61-2.76)

1.4

(.62-3.09)

    

1.3

(.54-3.12)

  

1.4

(.58-3.56)

   <15 years

6.7

(2.94-15.44)

2.6

(1.01-6.76)

2.7

(.92-7.66)

    

2.1

(.76-5.88)

  

2.2

(.76-6.44)

Learning & education

                

Learning difficulties at school

                

   No

1

 

1

 

1

       

1

 

1

 

   Yes

3.8

(1.76-8.03)

2.9

(1.33-6.30)

4.3

(1.83-9.95)

      

1.2

(.42-3.21)

1.6

(.52-4.87)

   Missing

8.4

(4.30-16.35)

6.5

(3.34-12.60)

7.0

(3.67-13.22)

      

*

 

*

 

Basic education

                

   High school

1

 

1

 

1

       

1

 

1

 

   Less than high school

6.4

(3.64-11.29)

5.4

(3.02-9.62)

4.4

(2.39-7.99)

      

3.1

(1.60-6.14)

1.8

(.93-3.65)

Log likelihood of the model

      

-332.564

 

-319.966

 

-297.473

 

-320.756

 

-283.803

 

Likelihood ratio chi2 (df) b

        

25.196 (4)

 

70.182 (5)

 

23.616 (2)

 

97.522 (11)

 

P value

        

<.001

 

<.001

 

<.001

 

<.001

 
  1. a Calculated using expansion weights
  2. b Compared to Model I
  3. * Dropped due to collinearity with missingness in Attention or behavior problems at school
  4. In the univariate models the association between each predictor variable and SUD was assessed separately. The column labelled "Blocks" gives results for each variable adjusting for other variables from the same block.
  5. The column labelled "Blocks + age & sex" gives results for each variable adjusting for other variables from the same block plus age and gender In Models I-V the blocks shown were entered in the model, and age and gender were adjusted for. Associations significant at p < .05 or lower are shown in boldface.
  6. OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval