Table 4 Resource use and costs

Use of resources

 Primary care visits

16.6 (14.0)

13.9 (13.7)

15.0 (13.9)

0.001

 Lab tests

5.3 (3.8)

5.3 (4.8)

5.3 (4.4)

0.858

 Conventional radiology

2.5 (2.7)

2.1 (2.4)

2.3 (2.5)

0.003

 Supplementary tests

1.2 (1.6)

1.0 (2.0)

1.1 (1.9)

0.098

 Specialized care visits

2.6 (4.6)

2.1 (4.4)

2.3 (4.5)

0.076

 Emergency room

0.4 (0.9)

0.4 (0.8)

0.4 (0.9)

0.454

 Work productivity losses, days

1.6 (12.7)

1.4 (9.7)

1.5 (11.0)

0.741

Uncorrected cost model

Healthcare costs

2,009.1 (1,526.1)

1,626.9 (1,071.6)

1,783.2 (1,290.3)

<0.001

 General care

1,684.9 (1,325.5)

1,357.7 (858.5)

1,491.5 (1,085.7)

<0.001

  Medical visits

385.0 (324.5)

322.8 (318.8)

348.3 (322.5)

0.001

  Lab tests

119.2 (85.6)

118.2 (106.1)

118.6 (98.2)

0.858

  Conventional radiology

47.0 (50.4)

38.4 (43.9)

41.9 (46.8)

0.003

  Supplementary tests

114.3 (158.5)

96.1 (195.1)

103.5 (181.2)

0.098

  Medication

1,019.4 (1,247.5)

782.2 (747.2)

879.2 (989.4)

<0.001

 Specialized care

324.2 (503.4)

269.2 (477.0)

291.7 (488.5)

0.064

  Medical visits

272.9 (480.6)

222.5 (457.4)

243.1 (467.5)

0.076

  Emergency room

51.3 (105.2)

46.7 (99.3)

48.6 (101.8)

0.454

Non-healthcare costs (productivity)

160.9 (1,288.9)

138.4 (983.2)

147.6 (1,117.9)

0.741

Total costs

2,170.0 (1,955.4)

1,765.3 (1,466.6)

1,930.8 (1,694.6)

<0.001

Corrected cost model*

Difference

Healthcare costs

2.085.0

1659.1

426

<0.001

  95% CI

1,961.6 - 2,208.5

1,562.6 - 1,755.6

 General care

1,746.4

1374.4

372

<0.001

  95% CI

1,640.9 - 1,851.9

1,291.9 - 1,456.8

 Specialized care

338.7

284.7

54

0.084

  95% CI

290.5 - 386.8

247.1 - 322.4

Non-healthcare costs (productivity)

128.5

105.8

23

0.741

  95% CI

1.1 - 208.4

45.6 - 211.3

Total costs

2,190.8

1,787.6

403

<0.001

  95% CI

2,026.8 - 2,354.8

1,659.3 - 1,915.8