Table 2 Major characteristics of the JEU Cohort (n = 628) at baseline
N (responders) | % | M (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS | |||
Gender (males) | 628 | 66.6% | |
Age (years) | 627 | 43.4 (12.9) | |
Monthly income (€) | 623 | 1739.1 (1957.4) | |
Professional activity (working) | 627 | 63.5% | |
Marital status (living alone) | 627 | 49.9% | |
GAMBLING-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS | |||
Gambling status | 628 | ||
Non-Problem Gamblers (NPG) | 40.8% | ||
Problem Gamblers without Treatment (PGWT) | 26.9% | ||
Problem Gamblers Seeking Treatment (PGST) | 32.3% | ||
Preferred gambling activity | 628 | ||
Electronic gaming machines (EGM) (Slots, videopoker) | 26.1% | ||
Horserace betting | 21.3% | ||
Poker | 12.4% | ||
Scratch cards | 12.4% | ||
Lottery games with differed results (Loto® 1 , Euromillions® 2 , Kéno ® 1) | 11.1% | ||
Sports betting | 7.6% | ||
Roulette | 3.8% | ||
Lottery games with instant results (Rapido® 3 , online Bingo) | 2.5% | ||
Black Jack | 0.5% | ||
Non classified (name given too sketchy) | 2.1% | ||
Frequency of gambling (once a week or more) | 628 | 76.0% | |
Monthly gambling expenditure (€) | 621 | 592.7 (1494.4) | |
Proportion of income spent on gambling | 612 | 35.3% | |
Maximum amount wagered in one day (€) | 605 | 1275.2 (5349.0) | |
Age of initiation into gambling | 628 | 20.4 (9.3) | |
Age of onset of a regular gambling practice | 584 | 26.4 (11.4) | |
Age of onset of gambling problems (PGWT and PGST only) | 350 | 34.7 (11.7) | |
Age of first consultation for gambling problems (PGST only) | 196 | 40.1 (11.3) | |
Internet as the favorite medium of gambling | 571 | 12.6% | |
Experience of abstinence for one month or more | 627 | 62.7% | |
Family aware of the gambling problem | 418 | 72.7% | |
Familial history of gambling problems | 605 | 25.5% | |
PSYCHIATRIC AND SOMATIC COMORBIDITIES | |||
Mood disorders4 | 628 | 47.6% | |
Anxiety disorders5 | 628 | 37.9% | |
Addictive disorders6 | 628 | 35.2% | |
Psychotic syndrome | 627 | 8.0% | |
Actual suicidal risk | 628 | 23.7% | |
Parkinson’s disease | 627 | 1.1% | |
ADHD antecedents | |||
ADHD screening in childhood (WURS-C) | 599 | 20.7% | |
ADHD screening in adulthood (ASRS) | 599 | 18.7% | |
PERSONALITY PROFILE | |||
TCI scores | 594 | ||
Temperament | |||
Novelty Seeking | 52.6 (18.0) | ||
Harm Avoidance | 43.9 (23.4) | ||
Reward Dependence | 60.2 (17.7) | ||
Persistence | 55.1 (28.5) | ||
Character | |||
Self-Directedness | 67.7 (20.0) | ||
Cooperation | 73.9 (15.2) | ||
Self-Transcendence | 31.4 (22.4) | ||
Antisocial personality disorder | 628 | 3.4% |