Table 3 The distribution of formal and informal help seeking by health and social support indicators (N = 1,610)

Clinical indicators

CMD (CIS-R score)

40.20

<0.001

No CMD (<12)

1,219

45

3.8

(2.8-5.1)

88

7.5

(6.0-9.2)

250

19.9

(17.6-22.3)

836

68.9

(66.0-71.6)

CMD (12–17)

188

17

9.5

(5.8-15.0)

39

21.8

(16.3-28.5)

66

35.9

(29.0-43.5)

66

32.9

(26.1-40.5)

Symptoms likely to require treatment (≥ 18)

198

25

12.6

(8.5-18.2)

74

35.5

(29.1-42.6)

60

31.4

(25.1-38.5)

39

20.4

(15.1-27.0)

Any CIS-R primary diagnosis

74.81

<0.001

No

1,164

44

4.0

2.9 5.4

75

6.8

(5.4-8.6)

231

19.2

(16.9-21.7)

814

70.0

(67.1-72.7)

Yes

442

43

9.6

7.1 13.0

126

28.0

(24.0-32.4)

145

33.5

(29.1-38.3)

128

28.8

(24.5-33.6)

Non-specified neurotic disorder

5.11

0.002

No

1,500

81

5.6

4.5 6.9

185

12.6

(10.9-14.5)

336

22.2

(20.1-24.6)

898

59.6

(56.8-62.3)

Yes

106

6

6.0

2.7 13.0

16

15.4

(9.6-23.7)

40

37.8

(28.5-48.0)

44

40.9

(31.4-51.1)

Generalised anxiety disorder

8.56

<0.001

No

1,533

78

5.2

4.2 6.6

183

12.2

(10.6-14.1)

352

22.8

(20.6-25.2)

920

59.7

(57.0-62.4)

Yes

73

9

12.8

6.5 23.9

18

24.7

(15.7-36.5)

24

32.3

(22.4-44.0)

22

30.2

(20.5-42.1)

Phobia (any)

2.83

0.037

No

1,559

86

5.7

4.6 7.1

190

12.5

(10.9-14.4)

359

23.0

(20.8-25.3)

924

58.8

(56.1-61.5)

Yes

47

1

2.3

0.3 14.6

11

22.5

(12.7-36.7)

17

33.7

(21.5-48.4)

18

41.6

(27.7-56.9)

Depression

52.28

<0.001

No

1,417

61

4.6

3.5 5.9

131

9.5

(8.0-11.3)

325

22.5

(20.2-24.9)

900

63.4

(60.7-66.1)

Yes

189

26

12.9

8.8 18.5

70

35.9

(29.4-43.0)

51

28.9

(22.6-36.1)

42

22.2

(16.7-28.9)

Other ^†

12.40

<0.001

No

1,579

86

5.6

4.5 7.0

190

12.4

(10.7-14.2)

363

22.7

(20.6-25.0)

940

59.3

(56.6-61.9)

Yes

27

1

3.8

0.5 22.6

11

37.2

(21.2-56.6)

13

53.0

(34.1-71.1)

2

6.0

(1.4-21.7)

Suicidal ideation

21.53

<0.001

No

1,518

77

5.2

(4.2-6.6)

164

11.2

(9.6-13.1)

363

23.8

(21.5-26.2)

914

59.7

(57.0-62.5)

Yes

84

11

13.0

(7.2-22.3)

36

39.6

(29.5-50.7)

12

14.7

(8.3-24.8)

25

32.6

(23.0-44.0)

Hazardous alcohol use

4.50

0.002

No

1,272

66

5.4

(4.3-6.9)

146

11.9

(10.1-14.0)

290

22.1

(19.8-24.7)

770

60.5

(57.5-63.4)

Yes

330

22

6.6

(4.2-10.2)

54

16.6

(13.0-21.0)

85

28.6

(23.7-34.1)

169

48.2

(42.4-53.9)

Drug use (past year)

8.96

<0.001

No

1,261

66

5.5

(4.3-7.0)

142

11.7

(9.9-13.7)

273

21.5

(19.2-24.1)

780

61.3

(58.4-64.2)

Yes

345

22

6.5

(4.1-9.9)

58

17.5

(13.7-22.1)

103

31.0

(26.1-36.4)

162

45.0

(39.5-50.6)

Long-standing illness

10.12

<0.001

No

959

42

4.8

(3.5-6.5)

82

8.6

(7.0-10.6)

238

24.8

(22.0-27.8)

597

61.7

(58.4-64.9)

Yes

643

46

6.7

(4.9-8.9)

117

17.6

(14.7-20.9)

137

21.4

(18.2-24.9)

343

54.3

(50.1-58.5)

Self-rated health

20.22

<0.001

Good or better

1,314

59

4.7

(3.6-6.0)

131

10.0

(8.4-11.8)

303

22.7

(20.4-25.2)

821

62.7

(59.8-65.5)

Fair or poor

288

28

9.4

(6.5-13.4)

68

23.7

(19.0-29.1)

73

25.8

(20.9-31.5)

119

41.1

(35.2-47.3)

ADL problems with:

Personal help

3.69

0.012

No

1,531

84

5.7

(4.6-7.1)

183

12.1

(10.4-13.9)

359

23.3

(21.1-25.7)

905

58.9

(56.2-61.6)

Yes

61

3

4.2

(1.3-12.3)

16

26.4

(16.5-39.5)

14

24.0

(14.5-37.1)

28

45.4

(32.7-58.7)

Using transport

6.60

<0.001

No

1,508

76

5.1

(4.0-6.4)

179

12.1

(10.4-13.9)

353

23.2

(21.0-25.6)

900

59.6

(56.8-62.3)

Yes

84

11

13.0

(7.1-22.4)

20

22.8

(14.8-33.6)

20

24.8

(16.4-35.6)

33

39.4

(29.2-50.7)

Medical help

1.86

0.134

No

1,567

87

5.7

(4.6-7.1)

193

12.5

(10.9-14.4)

365

23.1

(21.0-25.5)

922

58.6

(55.9-61.3)

Yes

25

0

-

6

24.7

(11.0-46.5)

8

31.9

(16.1-53.3)

11

43.4

(24.9-63.9)

Household activities

9.62

<0.001

No

1,480

75

5.2

(4.1-6.6)

171

11.7

(10.0-13.5)

341

22.7

(20.5-25.1)

893

60.4

(57.7-63.1)

Yes

112

12

10.0

(5.6-17.1)

28

24.5

(17.2-33.7)

32

29.8

(21.6-39.4)

40

35.8

(27.1-45.5)

Money

5.20

0.001

No

1,496

76

5.3

(4.2-6.7)

183

12.4

(10.7-14.3)

342

22.7

(20.5-25.1)

895

59.6

(56.8-62.2)

Yes

96

11

10.8

(5.9-19.2)

16

18.4

(11.2-28.7)

31

32.4

(23.4-43.1)

38

38.3

(28.4-49.3)

No. ADL problems

4.63

0.003

<3

1,548

83

5.5

(4.4-6.9)

187

12.2

(10.6-14.0)

360

23.1

(20.9-25.4)

918

59.2

(56.5-61.9)

≥3

44

4

7.9

(2.8-20.2)

12

28.5

(16.5-44.4)

13

30.3

(18.0-46.2)

15

33.4

(20.4-49.5)

Functional limits due

to emotional health

63.39

<0.001

No

1,303

56

4.4

(3.4-5.7)

105

8.4

(6.9-10.2)

272

20.5

(18.3-22.9)

870

66.7

(63.9-69.4)

Yes

293

30

10.1

(7.1-14.3)

93

30.7

(25.6-36.4)

102

35.2

(29.6-41.3)

68

23.9

(19.1-29.4)

Social support

Someone to talk to

5.99

<0.001

No

113

13

13.0

(7.5-21.6)

8

6.3

(3.1-12.4)

18

15.5

(9.7-23.7)

74

65.2

(55.4-73.9)

Yes

1,479

75

5.1

(4.1-6.4)

192

13.3

(11.6-15.3)

353

23.7

(21.5-26.2)

859

57.8

(55.0-60.5)

Someone to make you feel cared for

1.30

0.273

No

94

10

10.0

(5.2-18.6)

14

14.3

(8.4-23.3)

17

19.6

(12.1-30.1)

53

56.1

(45.2-66.4)

Yes

1,502

77

5.3

(4.2-6.6)

186

12.7

(11.0-14.6)

356

23.5

(21.3-25.9)

883

58.5

(55.8-61.3)