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Table 2 Odds ratios for risk of depression for demographic and disease factors

From: Lifestyle factors, demographics and medications associated with depression risk in an international sample of people with multiple sclerosis

Variable

Groups

Positive depression screen^, N(%)

p

Unadjusted OR

p

Education

Postgraduate degree

70/ 520 (13.5)†

<0.001

1.0

-

Bachelor degree

137 808/(17.0)†

1.31 (0.96–1.79)

0.087

Vocational training

84/ 355 (23.7)*

1.99 (1.40–2.83)

<0.001

No school/primary/secondary

138/ 533 (25.9)*

2.25 (1.64–3.09)

<0.001

Marital status

Married/partnered/cohabitating

285/ 1642 (17.4)†

0.001

1.0

-

Single

73/ 304 (24.0)*

1.51 (1.12–2.02)

0.006

Separated/divorced/widow(er)

64/ 248 (25.8)*

1.66 (1.21–2.26)

0.002

Employment

Work full time

119/ 729 (16.3)†

<0.001

1.0

-

Work part time

66/ 473 (14.0)†

0.83 (0.60–1.15)

0.266

Stay at home parent/carer

26/ 172 (15.1)†

0.91 (0.58–1.45)

0.698

Unemployed

46/167 (27.5)*

1.95 (1.32–2.89)

0.001

Retired due to disability

150/ 508 (29.5)*

2.15 (1.63–2.82)

<0.001

Retired due to age

6/ 70 (8.6) †

0.48 (0.20–1.14)

0.095

Other (includes student)

15/ 101 (14.9)†

0.89 (0.50–1.60)

0.706

Disability

Mild

169/ 1215 (13.9)†

<0.001

1.0

-

Moderate

199/ 767 (25.9)*

2.17 (1.73–2.73)

<0.001

Severe

59/ 236 (25.0)*

2.06 (1.74–2.89)

<0.001

Type of MS

Relapsing-remitting

252/ 1359 (18.5)†

0.015

1.0

-

Benign

10/ 95 (10.5)

0.52 (0.27–1.01)

0.053

Primary progressive

35/ 160 (21.9)

1.23 (0.83–1.83)

0.309

Secondary progressive

56/ 256 (21.9)

1.23 (0.89–1.71)

0.214

Progressive relapsing

16/ 46 (34.8)*

2.34 (1.26–4.36)

0.007

Unsure/other

58/ 301 (19.3)

1.05 (0.76–1.44)

0.770

Number of comorbidities

None

53/ 737 (7.2)†

<0.001

1.0

-

One

86/ 583 (14.8)†

2.23 (1.56–3.21)

<0.001

Two

110/ 452 (24.3)*

4.15 (2.92–5.91)

<0.001

Three

103/ 259 (39.8)*

8.52 (5.86–12.39)

<0.001

Four

40/ 110 (36.4)*

7.38 (4.57–11.90)

<0.001

Five or more

36/ 80 (45.0)*

10.56 (6.27–17.79)

<0.001

Clinically significant fatigue

No

29/ 732 (4.0)†

<0.001

1.0

-

Yes

379/ 1393 (27.2)*

9.06 (6.14–13.38)

<0.001

  1. *denotes overrepresentation and † denotes underrepresentation ^ PHQ-2 score ≥3. Bold denotes statistically significant.