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Table 2 Multinomial logistic regression models of the association between the extent of chronic multisite pain and mood disorder

From: Chronic multisite pain in major depression and bipolar disorder: cross-sectional study of 149,611 participants in UK Biobank

  

RRR (95% CI)*

Model

 

Probable MDD

Probable BD

1. No adjustments (n = 149,612)

No chronic pain

1

1

1 site

1.35 (1.31, 1.39)

1.41 (1.24, 1.60)

2-3 sites

1.88 (1.81, 1.94)

2.35 (2.07, 2.38)

4-7 sites

3.12 (2.91, 3.34)

4.43 (3.55, 5.52)

Widespread pain

2.80 (2.53, 3.11)

5.38 (4.04, 7.16)

2. Adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation and employment status (n = 147,463)

No chronic pain

1

1

1 site

1.32 (1.28, 1.37)

1.34 (1.18, 1.52)

2-3 sites

1.74 (1.68, 1.80)

2.03 (1.78, 2.31)

4-7 sites

2.54 (2.36, 2.73)

2.89 (2.29, 3.64)

Widespread pain

2.23 (1.997, 2.49)

2.81 (2.07, 3.81)

3. Adjustments as for 2. plus BMI, smoking status and frequency of alcohol consumption (n = 145,945)

No chronic pain

1

1

1 site

1.30 (1.26, 1.34)

1.29 (1.13, 1.47)

2-3 sites

1.66 (1.61, 1.72)

1.92 (1.68, 2.19)

4-7 sites

2.38 (2.21, 2.57)

2.62 (2.07, 3.33)

Widespread pain

2.07 (1.85, 2.31)

2.61 (1.91, 3.55)

4. Adjustments as for 3. plus additional long term condition morbidity count (n = 145,518)

No chronic pain

1

1

1 site

1.27 (1.23, 1.31)

1.27 (1.12, 1.45)

2-3 sites

1.59 (1.54, 1.65)

1.84 (1.61, 2.10)

4-7 sites

2.14 (1.99, 2.31)

2.39 (1.88, 3.04)

Widespread pain

1.86 (1.66, 2.08)

2.37 (1.74, 3.24)

  1. *Relative to non-mood disordered comparison group. Associations for individual variable level and the overall models were significant at p < 0.001.
  2. RRR – relative risk ratio; 95% CI – 95% confidence interval; BMI – body mass index; MDD – major depressive disorder; BD – bipolar disorder.