Table 4 Univariate and multivariate determinants of a depressive disorder (yes/no) at follow-up in the patient group (n = 285)

Socio-demographics

- Age at baseline, in years

1.01 (0.98 – 1.04)

- Female gender

0.97 (0.59 – 1.58)

- Education, in years

0.99 (0.92 – 1.05)

- No partner

1.34 (0.84 – 2.13)

- Sampling site

 - Amsterdam

Ref group

Ref group

 - Leiden

1.21 (0.65 – 2.25)

1.63 (0.81-3.29)

 - Groningen

0.78 (0.38 – 1.59)

0.95 (0.42-2.11)

 - Apeldoorn/Zutphen

0.45 (0.20 – 1.04)

0.56 (0.21-1.53)

 - Nijmegen

0.73 (0.33 – 1.63)

0.81 (0.32-2.06)

Clinical characteristics at baseline

- First episode MDD

0.98 (0.62 – 1.56)

- Dysthymia

2.03 (1.19 – 3.49)

1.30 (0.71-2.37)

- Onset of depression, in years

0.98 (0.97 – 0.995)

0.99 (0.98-1.00)

- Comorbid anxiety disorder

1.45 (0.90 – 2.35)

- Severity depression symptoms

1.06 (1.04 – 1.08)

1.05 (1.03-1.07)

Sampling frame

- Primary care

Ref group

Ref group

- Ambulant mental health care

0.63 (0.32 – 1.24)

0.57 (0.26-1.21)

- Clinical mental health care

0.36 (0.13 – 0.96)

0.43 (0.13-1.42)

- Use anti depressive medication

0.88 (0.53 – 1.47)

- Use of benzodiazepines

1.05 (0.83 – 1.34)

Comorbidity at baseline

- Number of chronic diseases

1.37 (1.16 – 1.63)

1.21 (1.01-1.46)

- MMSE

0.91 (0.80 – 1.04)