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Table 5 Results of ANCOVA and effect sizes for planned contrasts

From: The Agewell trial: a pilot randomised controlled trial of a behaviour change intervention to promote healthy ageing and reduce risk of dementia in later life

Measure

Group

n

Estimated marginal means at follow-up (and standard errors)

Covariate

Significance

Effect size

(maximum possible score)

  

F

P

F

p

Contrast 1#

Contrast 2+

       

GS + GM vs. IC

GM vs. GS

Primary outcomes

         

Florida cognitive activities scale (100)

IC

27

46.13 (1.17)

75.75

<.001

.25

.78

.15

-.11

 

GS

21

47.38 (1.31)

      
 

GM

22

46.71 (1.30)

      

Physical activity scale elderly (361)

IC

27

113.78 (8.50)

17.78

<.001

1.55

.22

.37

.28

 

GS

21

123.85 (9.63)

      
 

GM

22

136.14 (9.41)

      

Psychosocial well-being

         

General self-efficacy scale (40)

IC

27

31.12 (.87)

33.58

<.001

.07

.93

.07

-.07

 

GS

21

31.62 (.98)

      
 

GM

22

31.3 (.96)

      

CES-Depression Score (60)*

IC

27

9.53 (1.29)

23.82

<.001

.37

.68

-.11

-.24

 

GS

21

9.45 (1.47)

      
 

GM

22

11.02 (1.45)

      

CASP-19 (57)

IC

27

44.77 (.90)

125.08

<.001

.63

.54

.07

-.34

 

GS

21

45.88 (1.03)

      
 

GM

22

44.30 (.99)

      

Cognitive function

         

MOCA (30)

IC

27

26.44 (.37)

72.38

<.001

.79

.46

.13

.35

 

GS

21

26.36 (.42)

      
 

GM

22

27.02 (.41)

      

CVLT-II Immediate recall total (80)

IC

24

45.41 (1.76)

57.02

<.001

1.18

.31

.35

.30

 

GS

19

47.09 (1.94)

      
 

GM

17

49.67 (2.09)

      

CVLT-II Delayed recall total (16)

IC

21

11.13 (.49)

47.68

<.001

.61

55

-.25

.20

 

GS

19

10.35 (.52)

      
 

GM

17

10.80 (.55)

      

Trail making test T4-T2 (no max.)*

IC

27

74.57 (6.08)

24.63

<.001

.79

.46

.31

.18

 

GS

21

64.01 (6.89)

      
 

GM

22

65.84 (6.76)

      

Verbal fluency (no max.)

IC

27

40.81 (1.41)

149.83

<.001

1.65

.19

.17

-.52

 

GS

21

43.93 (1.60)

      
 

GM

22

40.12 (1.57)

      

Physical health and diet

         

Body fat percentage*

IC

22

37.05 (.81)

142.78

<.001

.04

.96

-.01

.09

 

GS

19

37.29 (.87)

      
 

GM

17

36.93 (.95)

      

BMI*

IC

23

28.51 (.27)

718.12

<.001

1.31

.27

-.08

.52

 

GS

20

28.98 (.29)

      
 

GM

19

28.75 (.30)

      

MEDAS

IC

27

7.19 (.32)

47.19

<.001

.87

.42

-.20

-.32

 

GS

21

6.61 (.36)

      
 

GM

22

7.14 (.35)

      

Cholesterol*

IC

19

5.68 (.20)

34.32

<.001

.44

.64

.27

.00

 

GS

18

5.44 (.21)

      
 

GM

15

5.45 (.23)

      

QRISK*

IC

26

18.12 (.40)

1388.21

<.001

.13

.88

.07

.13

 

GS

21

18.10 (.44)

      
 

GM

21

17.84 (.44)

      

Physical fitness

         

Predicted aerobic capacity

IC

10

19.79 (.74)

93.31

<.001

1.66

.21

-.31

-.69

 

GS

11

18.25 (.70)

      
 

GM

12

19.87 (.70)

      

Up and go*

IC

22

6.64 (.49)

11.93

.001

2.67

.08

.62

.09

 

GS

19

5.33 (.53)

      
 

GM

18

5.13 (.54)

      

Sit to stand

IC

21

14.02 (.45)

79.97

<.001

2.50

.09

.61

.16

 

GS

19

15.12 (.48)

      
 

GM

17

15.46 (.52)

      
  1. *Lower scores better.
  2. #Contrast 1 examines whether goal-setting (either alone or with added mentoring) produced greater benefits than control; a positive effect size favours goal-setting and a negative effect size favours control.
  3. +Contrast 2 examines whether adding mentoring to goal-setting produced greater benefits than goal-setting alone; a positive effect size favours goal-setting with mentoring and a negative effect size favours goal-setting alone.