Associations between depression subtypes, depression severity and diet quality: cross-sectional findings from the BiDirect Study

Table 3 Adjusted means^aof diet quality scores stratified by depression subtypes (BiDirect Study)

	Population- based controls	Patients with depression by subtypes								Overall p	Contrast p ^f (atypical vs. melancholic)
	Population- based controls	Melancholic	p ^e	Atypical	p ^e	Mixed	p ^e	Undifferentiated	p ^e	Overall p	Contrast p ^f (atypical vs. melancholic)
Total sample (n = 1660)
	n = 820	n = 516		n = 42		n = 83		n = 199
Model 1 ^b	14.7 (14.5 - 15.0)	15.0 (14.7 - 15.3)	0.19	13.8 (12.8 - 14.9)	0.13	14.0 (13.2 - 14.8)	0.08	13.9 (13.4 - 14.4)	0.004	0.001	0.05
Model 2 ^c	14.2 (13.8 - 14.6)	14.9 (14.5 - 15.3)	0.005	13.7 (12.6 - 14.8)	0.38	14.0 (13.2 - 14.8)	0.56	14.0 (13.4 - 14.5)	0.43	0.001	0.03
Sensitivity analysis^d(n = 1551)
	n = 671	n = 516		n = 42		n = 83		n = 199
Model 1 ^b	14.9 (14.6 - 15.1)	15.0 (14.7 - 15.3)	0.60	13.8 (12.7 - 14.9)	0.07	14.0 (13.2 - 14.7)	0.04	13.9 (13.4 - 14.4)	0.001	<0.001	0.05
Model 2 ^c	14.3 (13.8 - 14.8)	14.9 (14.4 - 15.3)	0.05	13.7 (12.6 - 14.8)	0.27	13.9 (13.1 - 14.7)	0.33	13.9 (13.4 - 14.5)	0.21	0.003	0.04

^aAdjusted means (95% confidence interval) were obtained and group differences were tested using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
^bModel 1 adjusted for age and sex.
^cModel 2 further adjusted for marital status, education, job status, smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, comorbidities, and antidepressant intake.
^dAfter exclusion of controls with present depressive symptoms indicated by CES-D ≥16 (n = 149).
^eContrast p-values: Pairwise comparisons between subtypes and controls (=reference).
^fContrast p-value: Pairwise comparison between atypical and melancholic (=reference) depression subtype.

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