Characteristics | Serum brain- derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, ng/ ml) | ** P -value | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||||||
(<17.32) | (17.32- 20.92) | (20.92- 25.31) | (>25.31) | ||||||
N =  242 | N =  242 | N =  242 | N =  242 | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Maternal age (years)* | 26.4 ± 5.9 | 27.3 ± 6.3 | 28.7 ± 6.0 | 29.7 ± 6.4 | 0.001 | ||||
Maternal age (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
  18-20 | 26 | 10.7 | 20 | 8.3 | 8 | 3.3 | 6 | 2.5 | 0.091 |
  20-29 | 151 | 62.4 | 142 | 58.7 | 132 | 54.5 | 121 | 50.0 | |
  30-34 | 34 | 14.0 | 41 | 16.9 | 58 | 24.0 | 59 | 24.4 | |
  ≥35 | 31 | 12.8 | 39 | 16.1 | 44 | 18.2 | 56 | 23.1 | |
Gestational age at Interview* (weeks) | 10.96 ± 3.5 | 10.51 ± 3.31 | 9.6 ± 3.40 | 8.56 ± 3.11 | 0.48 | ||||
Education (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
  ≤6 | 10 | 4.1 | 7 | 2.9 | 10 | 4.2 | 11 | 4.5 | 0.42 |
  7-12 | 141 | 58.3 | 142 | 59.2 | 144 | 60.0 | 124 | 51.2 | |
  >12 | 91 | 37.6 | 91 | 37.9 | 86 | 35.8 | 107 | 44.2 | |
Hispanic Ethnicity | 179 | 74.3 | 186 | 76.9 | 180 | 74.4 | 186 | 76.9 | 0.67 |
Married/living with partner | 190 | 79.2 | 194 | 80.5 | 192 | 80.0 | 201 | 83.4 | 0.28 |
Employed | 104 | 24.2 | 95 | 22.1 | 117 | 27.3 | 113 | 26.3 | 0.15 |
Access to basic foods | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Hard | 127 | 52.5 | 136 | 56.2 | 119 | 49.2 | 130 | 53.7 | 0.82 |
  Not very hard | 115 | 47.5 | 106 | 43.8 | 123 | 50.8 | 112 | 46.3 | |
Nulliparous | 134 | 55.4 | 124 | 51.2 | 125 | 51.7 | 100 | 41.3 | 0.004 |
Planned pregnancy | 82 | 19.7 | 111 | 26.6 | 110 | 26.4 | 114 | 27.3 | 0.005 |
Early pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  <25 | 143 | 59.8 | 136 | 56.7 | 107 | 44.6 | 93 | 38.6 | 0.026 |
  25-29.9 | 81 | 33.9 | 88 | 36.7 | 89 | 37.1 | 101 | 41.9 | |
  ≥30 | 15 | 6.3 | 16 | 6.7 | 44 | 18.3 | 47 | 19.5 | |
Illicit drug use during pregnancy | 4 | 1.7 | 3 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.10 |
Smoked during pregnancy | 13 | 5.4 | 16 | 6.8 | 7 | 2.9 | 8 | 3.3 | 0.09 |
Consumed alcohol during pregnancy | 56 | 23.3 | 42 | 17.4 | 69 | 28.5 | 50 | 20.7 | 0.79 |