From: Self-harm amongst people of Chinese origin versus White people living in England: a cohort study
 | Chinese origin | White |  |  |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | (N=96) | (N=19856) |  |  |  | ||
Characteristics a | n | % | n | % | χ 2 | df | p value b |
Female | 68 | 70.8 | 11007 | 55.4 | 7.8 | 1 | 0.005 |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | 17.3 | 2 | <0.001 |
 15–24 | 49 | 51.0 | 7247 | 36.5 |  |  |  |
 25–34 | 30 | 31.3 | 5038 | 25.4 |  |  |  |
 35+ | 17 | 17.7 | 7571 | 38.1 |  |  |  |
Self-harm method | Â | Â | Â | Â | 19.9 | Â | <0.001 c |
 Self-poisoning (drugs) | 66 | 68.8 | 16379 | 82.6 |  |  |  |
 Self-poisoning (others) | 5 | 5.2 | 142 | 0.7 |  |  |  |
 Self-injury | 25 | 26.0 | 3318 | 16.7 |  |  |  |
Self-injury method | Â | Â | Â | Â | 3.2 | 1 | 0.07 |
 Laceration | 14 | 87.5 | 1075 | 66.3 |  |  |  |
 Others | 2 | 12.5 | 547 | 33.7 |  |  |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 5.9 | 1 | 0.01 |
 Not married or partnered | 56 | 60.9 | 13792 | 72.3 |  |  |  |
 Married/partnered | 36 | 39.1 | 5289 | 27.7 |  |  |  |
Living status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 2.0 | 2 | 0.37 |
 With others | 53 | 73.6 | 10011 | 66.2 |  |  |  |
 Alone | 12 | 16.7 | 3515 | 23.2 |  |  |  |
 Homeless or hostel/lodgings or others | 7 | 9.7 | 1600 | 10.6 |  |  |  |
Employment status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 109.8 | 3 | <0.001 |
 Employed | 27 | 30.3 | 5612 | 29.8 |  |  |  |
 Student | 39 | 43.8 | 1982 | 10.5 |  |  |  |
 Unemployed | 11 | 12.4 | 6914 | 36.7 |  |  |  |
 Other | 12 | 13.5 | 4323 | 23.0 |  |  |  |
Precipitant factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Relationship problems with boy/girl-friend/partner | 43 | 60.6 | 7563 | 47.8 | 4.6 | 1 | 0.03 |
 Relationship problems with family | 15 | 21.1 | 2805 | 17.7 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.46 |
 Employment or work problems | 10 | 14.1 | 2130 | 15.6 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.88 |
 Financial problems | 10 | 14.1 | 1795 | 11.4 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.47 |
Clinical characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Substance misuse | 3 | 4.2 | 2412 | 15.0 | 6.5 | 1 | 0.01 |
 Current alcohol misuse | 7 | 9.6 | 5442 | 34.0 | 19.4 | 1 | <0.001 |
 Any previous psychiatric history | 19 | 26.0 | 7388 | 45.2 | 10.7 | 1 | 0.001 |
 Current psychiatric treatment | 10 | 14.3 | 6239 | 37.8 | 16.4 | 1 | <0.001 |
 Any previous self-harm episode | 31 | 40.8 | 8714 | 52.1 | 3.9 | 1 | 0.05 |
Symptoms of depression | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Feeling depressed | 40 | 54.8 | 11125 | 67.2 | 5.1 | 1 | 0.02 |
 Looks depressed | 30 | 41.1 | 7507 | 45.7 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.43 |
 Feeling hopeless | 21 | 31.8 | 5937 | 36.9 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.40 |
 Suicidal thoughts | 17 | 23.9 | 5919 | 36.0 | 4.4 | 1 | 0.03 |
 Suicidal plans | 5 | 7.1 | 2187 | 13.4 | 2.4 | 1 | 0.12 |
 Sleep problems | 36 | 50.7 | 9455 | 57.8 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.23 |
 Appetite problems | 22 | 32.4 | 7204 | 44.3 | 3.9 | 1 | 0.05 |
Circumstances of episode | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Wanted to die | 36 | 48.0 | 8745 | 56.4 | 2.1 | 1 | 0.14 |
 Suicide note | 9 | 12.2 | 1711 | 10.9 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.72 |
 Avoiding discovery | 11 | 14.9 | 1872 | 11.8 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.42 |
 Premeditated | 17 | 22.7 | 3341 | 20.7 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.67 |