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Table 3 Risk assessment, provision of services on discharge from the emergency department (ED), and repetition of self-harm: prevalence rate ratios (PRR) for people of Chinese origin versus White people

From: Self-harm amongst people of Chinese origin versus White people living in England: a cohort study

 

Chinese origin

White

 
 

(N=96)

(N=19856)

Unadjusted

Sex-age-adjusted

Variable

n

%

n

%

PPR a

(95% CI) a

p value a

PPR a

(95% CI) a

p value a

Speciality of assessor

          

 ED clinicianb

53

55.2

11595

59.8

0.92

(0.77, 1.11)

0.38

0.90

(0.75, 1.08)

0.27

 Mental health professionalb

40

41.7

10202

52.7

0.79

(0.62, 1.00)

0.05

0.80

(0.63, 1.02)

0.08

 Either ED or mental health clinicians

78

81.3

17327

89.4

0.91

(0.83, 1.00)

0.05

0.91

(0.82, 1.00)

0.05

Risk Assessments:

          

 Medical (moderate/high)

35

46.7

8867

53.5

0.87

(0.68, 1.11)

0.27

0.91

(0.72, 1.17)

0.47

 Suicide (moderate/high)

16

22.5

5751

34.8

0.65

(0.42, 1.00)

0.05

0.74

(0.49, 1.14)

0.17

 Future self-harm (mod./high)

33

44.6

9718

58.4

0.76

(0.59, 0.99)

0.04

0.77

(0.59, 1.00)

0.05

ED outcome

          

 Self-discharge

0

0.0

549

3.8

-

-

 

-

-

 

 Discharged: no referral

7

8.8

1443

10.0

0.87

(0.43, 1.77)

0.71

0.73

(0.34, 1.57)

0.41

 Referred: (i) To GP

14

27.5

1704

15.4

1.78

(1.14, 2.78)

0.01

1.62

(1.04, 2.54)

0.03

 (ii) To Med/Surg service

18

22.5

4821

33.5

0.67

(0.45, 1.01)

0.06

0.73

(0.49, 1.10)

0.14

 (iii) To mental health

38

47.5

5484

38.1

1.25

(0.99, 1.57)

0.06

1.25

(0.99, 1.57)

0.07

Self-harm repetition

          

 Within 12 months

7

8.0

2574

13.9

0.58

(0.28, 1.18)

0.13

0.62

(0.30, 1.26)

0.19

  1. aPrevalence rate ratios that reach statistical significance (P < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.
  2. bNot mutually exclusive. Some subjects were assessed by both emergency department clinicians and mental health professionals.