Overcoming barriers to recruiting ethnic minorities to mental health research: a typology of recruitment strategies

Table 3 Summary of proposed strategies

		Miranda [ 16 ]	Thompson [ 17 ]	Le [ 18 ]	Arean [ 19 ]	Meinert [ 20 ]	Gallagher-Thompson [ 21 ]	Chen [ 22 ]	Aliyu [ 23 ]	Loue [ 24 ]
Participant Related Barriers	Explanatory models of illness							√
	Help-seeking/-ve attitude to psychotherapy							√
	Language spoken	√		√		√	√			√
	Religious beliefs and commitments				√			√
	Lack of trust					√			√	√
	Stigma				√					√
	Gender issues	√
	Psychopathology/Substance Misuse
	Fear of being reported to immigration			√
Practical Issues	Lack of Childcare	√						√
	Transport Provision	√				√	√	√
	Financial constrains		√			√	√	√
	Culturally inappropriate incentives	√						√		√
	Medical insurance	√	√
	Lack of time				√					√
	Location of interview				√					√
	Employment status							√
Family/Community Related	Husbands’ Influence	√
	Family perspectives	√						√
	Stigma for family				√		√
	Under utilisation of mental health service						√
	Language of professional/intervention	√		√
	Lack of communication and cultural awareness between staff and participants			√				√
	Staff personal attributes	√		√			√		√
Research Process	Limited willingness and enthusiasm	√		√			√	√
	Understanding the need for ethnic participation							√
	Paucity of resources available
	Appropriateness of assessment tools		√				√
	Non availability of translated materials	√						√		√
	Lack of culturally competent staff		√	√	√		√			√
	Lack of culturally matched staff		√		√					√
	Under representation at recruitment sites	√	√	√				√	√	√
	Understanding of consent process		√	√				√

ISSN: 1471-244X