Table 1 Internal consistency reliability, interrater reliability, and discriminant validity for ASIA ADHD criterion A inattention symptoms
Inattention (9 symptoms: a to i) | α | κ | Mean score ± SD | p (U-test) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 questions (1–4 each for adulthood and childhood) | ADHD (n = 36) | non-ADHD (n = 24) | |||
a. Careless | |||||
adulthood (age ≥17) | 0.75 | ||||
a-1, careless mistake | 1.00 | 1.64 ± 0.49 | 0.96 ± 0.69 | 0.000 | |
a-2, careless mistake (others) | 0.98 | 1.42 ± 0.73 | 0.38 ± 0.65 | 0.000 | |
a-3, use compensation strategy | 1.00 | 1.47 ± 0.73 | 0.33 ± 0.65 | 0.000 | |
a-4, fast and sloppy | 0.98 | 1.93 ± 0.76 | 0.75 ± 0.68 | 0.002 | |
childhood (age < 12) | 0.75 | ||||
a-1, careless mistake | 1.00 | 1.64 ± 0.64 | 0.67 ± 0.70 | 0.000 | |
a-2, careless mistake (others) | 1.00 | 1.44 ± 0.74 | 0.50 ± 0.72 | 0.000 | |
a-3, help from others | 1.00 | 0.67 ± 0.79 | 0.21 ± 0.51 | 0.014 | |
a-4, fast and sloppy | 1.00 | 1.53 ± 0.70 | 0.54 ± 0.51 | 0.000 | |
b. Difficulty sustaining attention | |||||
adulthood | 0.81 | ||||
b-1, short attention span | 1.00 | 1.47 ± 0.74 | 0.33 ± 0.57 | 0.000 | |
b-2, short attention span (others) | 1.00 | 0.81 ± 0.82 | 0.04 ± 0.20 | 0.000 | |
b-3, space out | 0.98 | 1.61 ± 0.76 | 0.42 ± 0.34 | 0.000 | |
b-4, a huge gap in concentration | 1.00 | 1.75 ± 0.68 | 0.50 ± 0.50 | 0.000 | |
childhood | 0.86 | ||||
b-1, short attention span | 1.00 | 1.39 ± 0.72 | 0.25 ± 0.44 | 0.000 | |
b-2, short attention span (others) | 1.00 | 0.97 ± 0.91 | 0.04 ± 0.20 | 0.000 | |
b-3, space out | 0.98 | 1.69 ± 0.58 | 0.42 ± 058 | 0.000 | |
b-4, a huge gap in concentration | 1.00 | 1.44 ± 0.73 | 0.25 ± 0.61 | 0.000 | |
c. Does not listen | |||||
adulthood | 0.82 | ||||
c-1, does not listen | 1.00 | 1.44 ± 0.70 | 0.38 ± 0.58 | 0.000 | |
c-2, does not listen (others) | 1.00 | 0.94 ± 0.86 | 0.21 ± 0.42 | 0.000 | |
c-3, compensation strategy | 1.00 | 1.03 ± 0.85 | 0.25 ± 0.44 | 0.000 | |
c-4, can not focus on conversation | 1.00 | 1.39 ± 0.69 | 0.42 ± 0.50 | 0.000 | |
childhood | 0.81 | ||||
c-1, does not listen | 0.98 | 1.08 ± 0.81 | 0.13 ± 0.34 | 0.000 | |
c-2, does not listen (others) | 1.00 | 0.89 ± 0.75 | 0.17 ± 0.38 | 0.000 | |
c-3, compensation strategy | 1.00 | 0.83 ± 0.84 | 0.21 ± 0.41 | 0.001 | |
c-4, can not focus on conversation | 1.00 | 1.33 ± 0.72 | 0.08 ± 0.28 | 0.000 | |
d. Do not follow through | |||||
adulthood | 0.74 | ||||
d-1, does not follow through | 1.00 | 1.22 ± 0.72 | 0.29 ± 0.46 | 0.000 | |
d-2, does not follow through (others) | 1.00 | 0.98 ± 0.86 | 0.08 ± 0.28 | 0.000 | |
d-3, can not finish task | 1.00 | 1.44 ± 0.73 | 0.58 ± 0.65 | 0.001 | |
d-4, can not do as instructed | 1.00 | 0.67 ± 0.76 | 0.13 ± 0.45 | 0.000 | |
childhood | 0.80 | ||||
d-1, does not follow through | 1.00 | 1.36 ± 0.72 | 0.21 ± 0.42 | 0.000 | |
d-2, does not follow through (others) | 1.00 | 0.94 ± 0.79 | 0.21 ± 0.41 | 0.000 | |
d-3, can not finish task | 1.00 | 0.64 ± 0.76 | 0.25 ± 0.44 | 0.046 | |
d-4, can not do as instructed | 1.00 | 1.08 ± 0.81 | 0.13 ± 0.33 | 0.000 | |
e. Difficulty organizing | |||||
adulthood | 0.82 | ||||
e-1, difficulty organizing | 1.00 | 1.61 ± 0.60 | 0.42 ± 0.65 | 0.000 | |
e-2, difficulty managing time (others) | 1.00 | 0.75 ± 0.84 | 0.50 ± 0.78 | n.s. | |
e-3, difficulty prioritizing | 1.00 | 1.64 ± 0.59 | 0.38 ± 0.57 | 0.000 | |
e-4, difficulty getting things done | 1.00 | 1.31 ± 0.71 | 0.58 ± 0.71 | 0.001 | |
childhood | 0.81 | ||||
e-1, difficulty organizing | 1.00 | 1.33 ± 0.79 | 0.25 ± 0.53 | 0.000 | |
e-2, difficulty managing time (others) | 1.00 | 1.08 ± 0.94 | 0.29 ± 0.69 | 0.001 | |
e-3, difficulty prioritizing | 1.00 | 1.44 ± 0.81 | 0.50 ± 0.72 | 0.000 | |
e-4, difficulty getting things done | 1.00 | 1.61 ± 0.68 | 0.29 ± 0.46 | 0.000 | |
f. Avoid mental effort | |||||
adulthood | 0.77 | ||||
f-1, avoids mental effort | 1.00 | 1.33 ± 0.75 | 0.33 ± 0.48 | 0.000 | |
f-2, difficulty taking action (others) | 1.00 | 1.03 ± 0.85 | 0.30 ± 0.47 | 0.001 | |
f-3, puts off cumbersome things | 1.00 | 1.42 ± 0.73 | 0.71 ± 0.69 | 0.001 | |
f-4, procrastination | 1.00 | 1.58 ± 0.65 | 0.58 ± 0.65 | 0.000 | |
childhood | |||||
f-1, avoids mental effort | 0.80 | 1.00 | 1.39 ± 0.84 | 0.42 ± 0.50 | 0.000 |
f-2, difficulty taking action (others) | 1.00 | 1.19 ± 0.90 | 0.42 ± 0.50 | 0.001 | |
f-3, puts off cumbersome things | 1.00 | 0.92 ± 0.87 | 0.21 ± 0.41 | 0.001 | |
f-4, procrastination | 1.00 | 0.86 ± 0.76 | 0.08 ± 0.40 | 0.000 | |
g. Loses things | |||||
adulthood | 0.89 | ||||
g-1, loses things | 1.00 | 1.25 ± 0.65 | 0.42 ± 0.77 | 0.000 | |
g-2, loses things (others) | 1.00 | 1.17 ± 0.87 | 0.38 ± 0.71 | 0.001 | |
g-3, help from others | 1.00 | 0.92 ± 0.81 | 0.17 ± 0.48 | 0.000 | |
g-4, looks for things | 1.00 | 1.50 ± 0.65 | 0.50 ± 0.78 | 0.000 | |
childhood | |||||
g-1, loses things | 0.90 | 1.00 | 1.19 ± 0.82 | 0.33 ± 0.56 | 0.000 |
g-2, loses things (others) | 1.00 | 1.14 ± 0.93 | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.000 | |
g-3, help from others | 0.89 | 1.00 ± 0.82 | 0.21 ± 0.50 | 0.000 | |
g-4, looks for things | 1.00 | 1.17 ± 0.77 | 0.21 ± 0.50 | 0.000 | |
h. Easily distracted | |||||
adulthood | 0.81 | ||||
h-1, easily distracted | 1.00 | 1.53 ± 0.65 | 0.58 ± 0.71 | 0.000 | |
h-2, easily distracted (others) | 1.00 | 0.81 ± 0.89 | 0.17 ± 0.48 | 0.002 | |
h-3, uurelated thoughts | 1.00 | 1.50 ± 0.65 | 0.50 ± 0.78 | 0.000 | |
h-4, distracted by sounds | 1.00 | 1.06 ± 0.89 | 0.29 ± 0.46 | 0.001 | |
childhood | 0.87 | ||||
h-1, easily distracted | 1.00 | 1.53 ± 0.73 | 0.25 ± 0.44 | 0.000 | |
h-2, easily distracted (others) | 1.00 | 1.31 ± 0.82 | 0.17 ± 0.38 | 0.000 | |
h-3, distracted by sounds | 1.00 | 1.03 ± 0.81 | 0.13 ± 0.44 | 0.000 | |
h-4, difficulty getting back to as task | 0.98 | 1.42 ± 0.69 | 0.17 ± 0.38 | 0.000 | |
i. Forgetful | |||||
adulthood | 0.79 | ||||
i-1, forgetful | 1.00 | 1.22 ± 0.72 | 0.21 ± 0.50 | 0.000 | |
i-2, forgetful (others) | 1.00 | 0.69 ± 0.82 | 0.08 ± 0.28 | 0.001 | |
i-3, forgets things in work | 1.00 | 0.49 ± 0.61 | 0.08 ± 0.28 | 0.004 | |
i-4, forgetful things in home | 1.00 | 0.94 ± 0.79 | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.001 | |
childhood | 0.85 | ||||
i-1, forgetful | 1.00 | 1.89 ± 0.85 | 0.04 ± 0.20 | 0.000 | |
i-2, forgetful (others) | 1.00 | 1.00 ± 0.82 | 0.13 ± 0.33 | 0.000 | |
i-3, forgets restarting an unfinished task | 1.00 | 0.92 ± 0.73 | 0.08 ± 0.28 | 0.000 | |
i-4, forgetful doing daily routine | 1.00 | 1.03 ± 0.87 | 0.21 ± 0.50 | 0.001 | |