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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participantsa

From: Reduced cortical thickness in right Heschl’s gyrus associated with auditory verbal hallucinations severity in first-episode schizophrenia

 

AH

NH

HC

Chi-Square Analysis/t tests

(n = 18)

(n = 31)

(n = 50)

F/χ2/t

p

Post Hoc

Demographics

      

 Age, yearsb

24.11(6.27)

24.29(5.92)

24.98(6.60)

F = .18

.835

 

 Sex,n(% male)

12(66.67 %)

17(54.80 %)

25(50.00 %)

χ2 = 1.48

.479

 

 Education, yearsc

12.42(2.92)

12.50(2.22)

13.2(2.16)

F = 1.22

.299

 

 Duration of illness,monthsd

6.33(4.78)

7.09(4.48)

 

t = −.56

.579

 

 WAIS-Information

17.89(6.07)

16.31 (4.42)

20.22(4.50)

F = −3.32

.002*

NH < HC

 WAIS-Digit symbol

66.00(16.97)

68.00(15.61)

86.56(16.01)

F = −6.14

<.001*

AH, NH < HC

Clinical Variables

      

 AHRS

27.06(6.32)

     

 SAPS

      

  Global rating of Hallucinations

2.78(1.93)

.45(1.12)

 

t = 5.36

<.001*

 

  Global rating of Delusions

2.27(1.45)

2.81(1.80)

 

t = −1.06

.293

 

  Global rating of BizarreBehaviour

.56(1.20)

.87(1.15)

 

t = −.91

.366

 

  Global rating of Positive Formal Thought Disorder

.83(1.25)

.68(1.17)

 

t = .44

.662

 

  Total

27.78(14.65)

16.67(11.52)

 

t = 2.94

.005*

 

  Total – Hallucinations

14.89(10.82)

15.58(11.25)

 

t = −.21

0.834

 

 SANS

      

  Global Rating of Affective Flattening

1.06(1.21)

1.35(1.50)

 

t = −.72

.474

 

  Global Rating of Alogia

0.83(1.20)

1.26(1.44)

 

t = −1.06

.296

 

  Global Rating of Avolition - Apathy

1.28(1.23)

1.68(1.70)

 

t = −.87

.388

 

  Global Rating of Anhedonia- Asociality

1.67(1.33)

2.42(1.59)

 

t = −1.70

.097

 

  Global Rating of Attention

0.83(0.92)

1.10(1.40)

 

t = −.71

.480

 

  Total

21.44(19.92)

30.12(25.44)

 

t = −1.24

.220

 

 Chlorpromazine equivalents (mg)

189.35(62.09)

250.53(201.54)

 

t = −1.25

.218

 
  1. *p < .05
  2. HC healthy controls, AH hallucinating patients with schizophrenia, NH non-hallucinating patients with schizophrenia, Total-Hallucinations total SAPS score minus hallucinations subscales score
  3. AHRS Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, SAPS Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, SANS Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, WASI Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
  4. aMean and SD are reported unless otherwise specified. Analyses of demographics and clinical data wereperformed in SPSS (http://www.spss.com). All tests were two-tailed
  5. bAge was defined as age at the time of magnetic resonance imaging scanning
  6. cYears of education refers to the total number of years of completed education as reported by the participant
  7. dDuration of illness was defined as number of years between age at onset and age at MRI scanning