Table 2 Item scores, internal reliability, factor loadings and inter-factor correlations of CES-D
Score | Internal reliability (α = 0.852) | Factor loadingsb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Corrected item-total correlation | α if item deleteda | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | |
1. I was bothered by things that usually don’t bother me. | 0.72 | 0.84 | 0.56 | 0.73 | ||||
2. I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor. | 0.36 | 0.68 | 0.31 | 0.65 | ||||
3. I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends. | 0.40 | 0.71 | 0.62 | 0.69 | ||||
4. I felt I was just as good as other people. | 1.65 | 1.19 | 0.17 | 0.86 | 0.77 | |||
5. I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing | 0.49 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.69 | ||||
6. I felt depressed. | 0.47 | 0.72 | 0.66 | 0.77 | ||||
7. I felt that everything I did was an effort. | 0.48 | 0.72 | 0.48 | 0.65 | ||||
8. I felt hopeful about the future | 1.50 | 1.20 | 0.21 | 0.86 | 0.80 | |||
9. I thought my life had been a failure. | 0.44 | 0.77 | 0.56 | 0.67 | ||||
10. I felt fearful | 0.44 | 0.74 | 0.62 | 0.76 | ||||
11. My sleep was restless. | 0.66 | 0.85 | 0.46 | 0.64 | ||||
12. I was happy. | 1.39 | 1.16 | 0.33 | 0.85 | 0.87 | |||
13. I talked less than usual. | 0.61 | 0.84 | 0.51 | 0.62 | ||||
14. I felt lonely. | 0.45 | 0.76 | 0.63 | 0.73 | ||||
15. People were unfriendly | 0.39 | 0.66 | 0.51 | 0.88 | ||||
16. I enjoyed life. | 1.36 | 1.19 | 0.30 | 0.86 | 0.88 | |||
17. I had crying spells. | 0.35 | 0.68 | 0.46 | 0.74 | ||||
18. I felt sad | 0.39 | 0.70 | 0.64 | 0.87 | ||||
19. I felt that people dislike me | 0.33 | 0.62 | 0.43 | 0.88 | ||||
20. I could not get “going.” | 0.14 | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.65 | ||||
Factor score | 3.1 ± 4.2 | 3.3 ± 3.2 | 5.9 ± 3.9 | 0.7 ± 1.2 | ||||
Inter-factor correlation | ||||||||
Factor 1 | 1.00 | 0.75* | 0.04 | 0.53* | ||||
Factor 2 | 1.00 | −0.05 | 0.49* | |||||
Factor 3 | 1.00 | −0.02 | ||||||