Table 1 Baseline population characteristics by Elevated Depressive Symptoms (EDS, CES-D ≥16 and/or antidepressant use) status (N = 1605)

CES-D (median [IQR])

4 (1, 8)

18 (9, 23)

<0.001*

Antidepressant Use (% Yes)

NA

135 (45.2)

NA

 Age, in years (mean [SD])

64.7 (9.6)

62.9 (9.0)

0.004*

 Sex (% Women)

626 (47.9)

197 (65.9)

<0.001*

 Race/ethnicity (%)

0.001*

  White

535 (41.0)

132 (44.2)

  Chinese

200 (15.3)

32 (10.7)

  Blacks

273 (20.9)

42 (14.1)

  Hispanics

298 (22.8)

93 (31.1)

 Marital Status (%)

<0.001*

  Married

896 (68.6)

167 (55.9)

  Widowed/Divorced/Separated

331 (25.3)

98 (32.8)

  Single

79 (6.1)

34 (11.4)

 Education (%)

0.077

  Less than High School

216 (16.5)

64 (21.4)

  High School

212 (16.2)

53 (17.7)

  College or greater

878 (67.2)

182 (60.9)

 Income (%)

0.137

  <$25,000

365 (33.7)

101 (38.6)

  ≥ $25,000 and < $50,000

382 (35.3)

92 (35.1)

  ≥ $50,000 and < $75,000

218 (20.1)

52 (19.9)

  ≥ $75,000

118 (10.9)

17 (6.5)

 IL-6, in pg/mL (median [IQR])^a

1.1 (0.7, 1.7)

1.2 (0.8, 1.9)

0.058

 CRP, in mg/L (median [IQR])^a

1.7 (0.8, 3.9)

2.1 (0.9, 4.6)

0.082

 Alcohol Consumption/Week (mean [SD])

4.0 (7.7)

3.9 (8.5)

0.999

 Pack-years of Smoking (mean [SD])

11.5 (27.4)

10.8 (19.1)

0.705

 Total Intentional Exercise, in met-min/wk (median [IQR])^b

900 (210, 2118)

1477 (1100, 2055)

0.180

 Diabetes

132 (10.1)

35 (11.7)

0.414

 Cancer

108 (8.3)

20 (6.7)

0.363

 Hypertension

548 (52.0)

138 (46.2)

0.186

 Height (mean, [SD])

166.7 (9.8)

164.0 (9.7)

<0.001*

 Waist Circumference, in cm (mean [SD])

96.7 (13.4)

99.6 (15.0)

0.001*

 Overweight/Obese (%)^b

634 (48.6)

187 (62.5)

<0.001*

 BMI, in kg/m² (mean [SD])

27.5 (4.9)

28.9 (5.5)

<0.001*

  Overweight/Obese (%)^b

886 (67.8)

222 (74.3)

0.031*

 Weight, in lb (mean, [SD])

169.3 (35.4)

171.6 (37.5)

0.313

 Combined

390.1 (104.6)

362.7 (93.6)

<0.001*

 Locomotion

115.3 (37.5)

105.1 (33.1)

<0.001*

 Stabilization

274.8 (74.0)

257.6 (68.6)

<0.001*