Fig. 2

Results of covariance structure analysis of structural equation model (SEM). These are the results of covaliance structure analysis in the SEM with childhood abuse (CATS), personality (N, E, C of NEO-FFI), adulthood life events (Negative score of LES), and depression symptoms (BDI-II) for 113 patients of major depressive disorder. The allows with continuous lines represent the statistically significant paths, and the dashed lines show the non-significant paths. The numbers on the allows show the standardized path coefficients (minimun −1, maximum 1). Indirect effects indicate the effect mediated by the other valiables. There is direct influence from childhood abuse to severity of depression. There is also indirect effect via personality. Chi-square value: 28.83 (p=.19); CFI=.98, RMSEA=.05: a good fit.indirect effect= .3749, square sums of multiple correlation coefficient=.43. continuous line: p<.05, dashed line: p=not significant. Abbreviations: BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory – 2nd edition, NEO-N Neuroticism of Neuroticism Extroversion Openness Five Factor Inventory, NEO-E Extroversion of Neuroticism Extroversion Openness Five Factor Inventory, NEO-C Conscientiousness of Neuroticism Extroversion Openness Five Factor Inventory, CATS-N Neglect of Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, CATS-S Sexual Abuse of Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, CATS-P Punishment of Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, CATS-E Emotional Abuse of Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, LES-Negative Negative life change score of Life Experiences Survey, CFI Comparative Fit Index, RMSEA Root Mean Square Error of Approximation