Table 2 Psychometrics of stigma/attitudes measures

1. Social Distance (SD)

Bogardus, 1925 [49]

  Link Social Distance scale (1987)

Link et al., 1987 [107]

α^a = .74; .75; .92

CS; CR/CV; D; FA

A

  Bogardus Social Distance Scale (modified)

Angermeyer & Matschinger ., 2003 [44]

α^a = .90

FA

  Social distance scale

Link, 1983 [104]

α^a = .85, .91;

CS

  Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS)

Evans-Lacko & Rose et al., 2011 [69]

α^a = .85;

k^b = .75

  RIBS- Japanese (RIBS-J)

Yamaguchi et al., 2014 [141]

α^a = .83

CC; FA

Lin’s Pc^b = .71

  Social Contact Scale

Jackson & Heatherington, 2006 [91]

α = .55-.75

FA

  The Social Supports Acceptance Scale (SSAS)

Mansouri & Dowell, 1989 [114]

α = .80-.94

CS; R

2. Opinions about Mental Illness (OMI)

Cohen & Struening, 1962 [59]

CS; FA

A

  OMI

Struening & Cohen, 1963 [128]

α^a = .299-.80

FA

  OMI in Chinese Community scale (OMICC)

Ng & Chan, 2000 [123]

α^a = .87 (.43-.72)

FA

3. Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness (CAMI)

Taylor & Dear, 1981 [134]

α^a = .62-.90

CS; D; FA

A

  Fear and Behavioural Intentions (FABI)

Svensson et al., 2011 [131]

α^a = .80

k^b = .29-.54

  Mental Health Attitude Survey for Police

Clayfield et al., 2011 [58]

α^a = .87

CS; CV; FA

4. Devaluation-Discrimination tool (DD)

Link 1987 [105]

α^a = .73-.83

CS

A

  Perceived Discrimination Devaluation (PDD)

Interian et al., 2010 [89]

α^a = .80

CS; CV/CR; FA

  Public stigma

Moses, 2009 [121]

α^a = .76

CV; CS; D

K^c = .79-.90

  Stigma-Devaluation Scale (SDS)

Dalky, 2012 [64]

α^a = .87

FA

  Depression is a Matter of Will

Aromaa et al., 2010 [45]

CS; FA

5. Depression Stigma scale (DSS)

Griffiths et al., 2004 [79]

α^a = .75-.82

DS; CV; D; FA

A

r^b = .86 (p = .001)

6. Attribution Questionnaire (AQ)

Corrigan et al., 2003 [61]

α^a = .70-.96

CS; FA

A

  AQ-27

Brown, 2008 [53]

α^a = .60-.93

CV; FA

ICC^b = .72-.90

  r-AQ

Pinto et al., 2012 [125]

α^a = .70

FA

7. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI)

Ritsher et al., 2003 [126]

α^a = .84-.98

CS; CC; D; FA; P

C

r^b = .92 (.61-.91) (p < .05) ICC^b = .78

  Parents’ Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (PISMI)

Zisman-llani et al., 2013 [142]

α^a = .61-.78

FA

  ISMI Chinese (ISMIS-C)

Lien et al., 2014 [103]

α^a = .90;

CS; FA

ICC = .36-.73

  ISMI-10

Boyd et al., 2014 [24]

α^a = .75

CT; CC; CS

8. Perceived dangerousness (PD)

Link, et al., 1987 [106]

α^a = .85

CS

A

  Link Stigma Scale (dangerousness)

Bagley & King, 2005 [46]

α^a > .80

CS; CR; D

  Dangerousness Scale (DS)

Penn et al., 1994 [124]

α^a = .78

CS

9. British Omnibus National Survey (ONS)

Kobau et al., 2010 [100]

α^a = .66-.69

CV; CC; FA

A

  Changing Mind

Svensson et al., 2011 [131]

α^a = .19-.46

r^b:Poor to moderate

10. Self-stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH)

Vogel et al., 2006 [136]

α^a = .88

CS; P; D; FA

C

r^b = .72

11. Self-stigma of Mental Illness (SSMIS)

Corrigan et al., 2006 [63]

α^a = .64-.91;

CS; D

C

r^b = .62-.82

  SSMIS-Short Form

Corrigan et al., 2012 [62]

α^a = .22-.87

CS; D

12. Attitudes to Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMID)

Luty et al., 2006 [108]

r^b = .70; .93

CC; FA

A

13. Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help (SSRPH)

Komiya et al., 2000 [101]

α^a = .72

CS; CR; FA

D

14. Affective Reaction Scale

Penn et al., 1994 [124]

α^a = .86

CS

A

15. Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC)

Brohan et al., 2013 [52]

α^a = .78;

CV; DV

B

Lin’s Pc ^b = .88, 89 (p < .001)

k^b = 0.45-0.89

K^c = .62-.97

  Questionnaire on Anticipated Discrimination (QUAD)

Gabbidon et al., 2013 [72]

α^a = .86;

CV

B

Lin’s Pc^c = .81

k^b = .41-.80

16. Mental Illness: Clinician’s Attitudes (MICA)

Kassam et al., 2010 [94]

α^a = .79

CV; DV; FA; R

A

Lin’s Pc ^b = .80 (p < .001)

  MICA-v4

Gabbidon et al., 2013 [73]

α^a = .72;

CV; FA

r it ^a ≥ .2

17. Day’s Mental Illness Scale (DMISS)

Day et al., 2007 [65]

α^a = .71-.86

CS; FA

A

18. ADHD Stigma Questionnaire (ASQ)

Kellison et al., 2010 [98]

α^a = .55-.93;

CS; CV; DV; FA

A

ICC^b = .71(.55-.73)

  Stigmatization towards Adults ADHD

Fuermaier et al., 2012 [71]

α^a = .91 (.61-.87)

CS

19. Rejection Experiences

Link, 1987 [105]

α^a = .73-.85

CS; CR; CV; D

B

K^c = .79-.90

20. Generalized Anxiety Stigma Scale (GASS)

Griffiths et al., 2011 [81]

α^a = .86-0.91

CR; CS; CV; D; FA

A

r^b = .55,.58,.91 (p < .0001, .001)

21. Relatives’ opinions toward Schizophrenia

Magliano et al., 1999 [111]

α^a = .56-.66;

CS; FA

A

K^b = .36-.84

  Questionnaire on the Opinions About Mental Illness (QO)

Magliano et al., 2004 [112]

α^a = .42-.72;

FA

A

k^c = .50-1.0

22. EMIC

Chowdhury et al., 2000 [57]

α^a = .66-.76;

A

K^c = .77-.89

23. Stigma Concerns about Mental Health Care (SCAMHC)

Interian et al., 2010 [89]

α^a = .69

CS; CV; CR; FA

D

24. Latino Scale for Antidepressant Scale (LSAS)

Interian et al., 2010 [89]

α^a = .66

CS; CV; CT; FA

D

25. Devaluation of Consumer Families Scale

Struening et al., 2001 [129]

α^a = .82

CV; FA

A

26. Devaluation of consumers scale

Struening et al., 2001 [129]

α^a = .71-.77

CV; FA

A

27. Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire (CESQ)

Bagley & King, 2005 [46]

α^a = .79-.82

CC; CS; CR; D; FA

B

28. Attitudes towards Depression and Its Treatment (ATDT)

Gabriel & Violato, 2010 [74]

α^a = .57-.79

CT; FA

A

29. Stigmatization Scale

Harvey, 2001 [83]

α^a = .90, .94

CS; D; FA; CR

B

30. Psychiatric Skepticism Scale (PSS)

Swami & Furnham, 2011 [132]

α^a = .92;.94

CS; FA

D

31. Emotional Reactions

Angermeyer & Matschinger, 2003 [44]

CS; FA

A

32. Labeling of mental illness

Angermeyer & Matschinger, 2003 [44]

k^c = 0.85

A

33. Personal Attributes

Angermeyer & Matschinger, 2003 [44]

CS; FA

A

34. Depression Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ)

Botega et al., 1992 [50]

FA

A

R-DAQ

Haddad et al., 2015 [82]

α^a = .84;

CT; CS; CV; FA

A

ICC^b = .62

35. Attitudes Toward psychiatry-30

Burra et al., 1982 [55]

r it ^a = .10-.64;

CC

D

Split-half r^a = .89, .90;

ICC^b = .51-.87

36. Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC)

Kassam et al., 2012 [97]

α^a = .78; .79; .82

CS; FA; CT; R

A

r it ^a = -.13-.57;

ICC^b = .66 (p < .001)

37. Stigma Scale

King et al., 2007 [99]

α^a = .87 (.64-.87);

CS; CC; FA

A

k^b = .41-.71

Chinese Stigma Scale (CSS)

Ho et al., 2015 [87]

α^a = .83 (.58-.84)

CC; FA

A

38. Stigma Experiences Scale

Stuart et al., 2005 [130]

α^a = .91

CS

B

KR-20^a = .83;

39. Attitudes Toward Serious Mental Illness Scale-Adolescent

Watson et al., 2005 [139]

FA

A

40. Self reported prejudiced attitudes

Andersson et al., 2010 [43]

α^a = .78

FA

A

41. Self-Stigma of Depression Scale

Barney et al., 2010 [47]

α^a = .87

CS; CV; FA

C

ICC^b = .63 (p = .000)

42. Employer Attitude Questionnaire (EAQ)

Diksa & Rogers, 1996 [66]

FA

A

43. 15-Item Stigma Questionnaire

Gibbons et al., 2012 [75]

α^a = .85;

CC; CS; CV; CT

B

ICC^b = .75

44. Attitudes of Nursing Staff towards Co-Workers Returning from Psychiatric and Physical Illnesses

Glozier et al., 2006 [76]

α^a = .76-.88

CS

A

45. Self-Esteem and Stigma Questionnaire (SESQ)

Hayward et al., 2002 [84]

α^a = .71-.79;

CS

A

r^b = .63 (p < .0001)

46. Test of Knowledge About ADHD (KADD)

Hepperlen et al., 2002 [36]

α^a = .81-.82;

FA

A

47. Beliefs toward Mental Illness (BMI)

Hirai & Clum, 2000 [86]

α^a = .91;

CS; CC; FA

A

r it = (.22 < r < .72)

48. Depression Self-Stigma Scale (DSSS)

Kanter, 2008 [92]

α^a = .79-.95;

CS; CC; FA

C

r it = .44-.83

49. General Attitude Questionnaire

Lam et al., 2005 [102]

α^a = .88-.93

A

r^b = .72-.94

50. Secrecy

Link, 1987 [105]

α^a = .73-.83

CS

C

51. Withdrawal

Link, 1987 [105]

α = .73-.83

CS

C

52. Attitudes to Severe Mental Illness (ASMI)

Madianos et al., 2012 [110]

α^a = .88(.79-.86);

CS; P; FA

A

r^b = .89-.92 (p < .0001)

53. Affiliate Self-Stigma Scale

Mak & Cheung et al., 2008 [113]

α^a = .94-.95;

CS; P; FA

C

r it = .51-.81

Self-Stigma Scale-Short (SSS-S)

Wu et al., 2015 [140]

α^a = .95

CC; CS; FA

C

54. Knowledge Test of Mental Illness (KT)

Michaels & Corrigan, 2013 [116]

r^b = .50-.70 (p < .05; .001)

CC; CS

A

55. Attitudes Toward Social Competence and Integration of People with Mental Illness

Minnebo & Acker et al., 2004 [117]

α^a = .77; .79

FA

A

56. Client Attitude Questionnaire

Morrison & Becker, 1975 [120]

r^b = .90; .93

?

57. Libertarian Mental Health Ideology Scale (LMHIS)

Nevid & Morrison, 1980 [122]

α^a = .81-.94

CS; FA

D

58. Personal stigma scale

Schneider et al., 2011 [127]

α^a = .62-.92

FA

A

59. Child stigma scale

Moses, 2009 [121]

α^a = .81

CV; CS; D

C

k^c = .79-.90

60. Beliefs and attitudes toward people diagnosed with psychosis

Serra et al., 2013 [39]

α^a = .69

FA

A

61. Stigma of Depression Scale

Vega et al., 2010 [135]

α^a = .69

FA

A

62. Perceptions of Stigmatization by Others for Seeking Help (PROSH)

Vogel et al., 2009 [137]

α^a = .78-.91

CS; CC; FA

D

r^b = .82 (p < .001)

63. The Stigma Inventory for Mental Illness

Karidi et al., 2014 [93]

α^a = .90 (.75, .85);

CT; CS; CC; FA

C

r^b = .80 (p < .001)

64. Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale

McKeague et al., 2015 [115]

α^a = .80 (.70, .75);

CT; CS; D; FA

A

r^b = .65, 75

65. Endorsed and Anticipated Stigma Inventory (EASI)

Vogt et al., 2014 [138]

r it = .47-.75

CT; CV; D; FA

A & D