Variables | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|
1. Depression | 20.36 | 9.31 | 1 | Â | Â | Â |
2. Resilience | 69.33 | 15.66 | −0.468**
| 1 | Â | Â |
3. Hope | 42.43 | 10.41 | −0.451**
| 0.721**
| 1 | Â |
4. Optimism | 22.35 | 3.42 | −0.401**
| 0.392**
| 0.370**
| 1 |
- Depression: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); Resilience: Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14); Hope: Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS); Optimism: Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). **p < 0.01 (two-tailed)