Author, Country, year of publication | Design | IT platform, name of tool | Sample size, setting, age, bipolar type I | Self-monitoring frequency, follow-up | Blinding of outcome assessor | Rating scale | Corresponding days between self-monitoring data and ratings in analyses | Correlation analyses | Missing self-monitored data |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whybrow PC et al., USA, Canada & Germany, 2003 [12] | Longitudinal | Computer, ChronoRecord | 80, Outpatient, 38.67 (SD 10.86), 72.5 % | Daily, 3 months | NA | HDRSa,YMRSb | Yes | Pearson: HDRS: r = −0.683 (p < 0.001) | 6.1 % (SD 9.3) |
YMRS non-significant | |||||||||
Bauer M et al., USA, Canada & Germany, 2004 [54] | Longitudinal | Computer, ChronoRecord | 80, Outpatient, 38.67 (SD 10.86), 72.5 % | Daily, 3 months | NA | HDRS,YMRS | Yes | Pearson: HDRS: r = −0.683 (p < 0.001) | 6.1 % (SD 9.3) |
YMRS non-significant | |||||||||
Linear mixed model coefficient: HDRS: β = −0.303 (p < 0.001) | |||||||||
YMRS non-significant | |||||||||
Bauer M et al., USA, Canada & Germany, 2008 [55] | Longitudinal | Computer, ChronoRecord | 27 Inpatient & 80 Outpatient, | Daily, NA | Yes | YMRS, MRS c | Yes | Pearson: YMRS: r = 0.825 (p < 0.001) | NA |
Linear mixed model coefficient: YMRS: β = 0.229 (p = 0.001) | |||||||||
Depp CA et al., USA, 2010 [56] | Longitudinal | PDA, PRISM | 10, Outpatient, 41.0 (SD 13.7) | Daily, 2 weeks | NA | MADRSd, YMRS | NA | Pearson: MADRS: r = 0.841 (p = 0.018) | 22 % (SD 14) |
YMRS non-significant | |||||||||
Depp CA et al., USA, 2012 [58] | RCT | Self-monitoring using smartphone | 18, Outpatient, 44.0 (SD 14), 90.9 % | Twice/ day in fixed time blocks, 12 weeks | Yes | MADRSd, YMRS | Yes | Pearson: Baseline: MADRS: r = −0.567 (p = 0.014) | 57.9 % (SD 26.6) |
YMRS non-significant | |||||||||
6 weeks: MADRS: r = −0.542 (p = 0.028) | |||||||||
YMRS: r = 0.520 (p = 0.032) | |||||||||
Faurholt-Jepsen M et al., Denmark, 2014 [59] | Longitudinal | Smartphone, MONARCA | 17, Outpatient, 33.4 (SD 9.5), 82.4 % | Daily, 3 months | Yes | HDRS, YMRS | Yes | Linear mixed model coefficient: HRDS: β = −0.051 (p < 0.001) | NA |
YMRS non-significant | |||||||||
Schärer LO et al., Germany, 2015 [64] | Longitudinal | Computer, PDA, smartphone, Personal Life-Chart app | 54, Outpatient, 40.6 | Daily, 18 months | Yes | IDS-Ce, YMRS | Yes | Spearman correlation coefficient: IDS-C: r = 0.60–0.62 (p-value not shown) | NA |
YMRS: r = 0.17–0.39 (p-value not shown) |