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Table 2 Core constructs of normalisation process theory (Major themes) and study findings (Minor themes)

From: Embedding telephone therapy in statutory mental health services: a qualitative, theory-driven analysis

NPT construct

Emergent study themes

Coherence:

• T-CBT alters practitioner-client communication.

• T-CBT challenges risk management.

• T-CBT challenges collaboration.

• T-CBT may be more limited in content.

• T-CBT delivery demands different skills.

• Client diagnosis/case complexity may limit T-CBT utility.

• T-CBT is advantageous for patient access and reach.

Cognitive Participation:

• T-CBT is a macro and meso level directive.

• Front line support for T-CBT may be lacking.

• T-CBT is enabled by professional autonomy.

• T-CBT is aligned with service efficiency.

• T-CBT acceptability is influenced by organisational culture.

Collective Action:

• Confidence in T-CBT requires a mixed delivery model.

• T-CBT is delivered within a risk-minimisation framework.

• T-CBT implementation requires increased resourcing.

• T-CBT requires local protocol and policy development.

Reflexive Monitoring:

• Local T-CBT champions exist.

• T-CBT supporters draw on experiential learning.

• T-CBT is acceptable in practice.

• T-CBT has proven client gains.

• Technical support will enhance information sharing.

• T-CBT requires dedicated training.