Fig. 2

Mean (95 % CI) of PHQ-9 score (panel a) and crude ORs for CRD (panel b). Legends: squares mark out mean estimates while horizontal lines spread 95 % confidence interval, the green vertical dotted-line indicates overall grand mean of PHQ-9 score (as a continuous variable) for all T2DM, not stratified by any specific characteristics. Panel a shows the mean (95 % CI) of continuous PHQ-9 score according to various characteristics in T2DM, Panel b shows corresponding crude odds ratio (OR) for clinically relevant depression (CRD), defined by PHQ-9 ≥ 10. CVD, cardiovascular diseases; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol. BMI, body mass index; PA, physical activity. While PHQ-9 score ranges from 0 to 27, x-axis is not drawn to full 27 points to save space