Table 2 Characteristics of people with T2DM by clinically significant depression, NHANES 2005–2012
Non-CSD | CSD | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|
N, participants | 1926 (88.3) | 256 (11.7) | 2182 |
Frequency, weighteda (%) | 13,520,141(89.4) | 1,597,475(10.6) | 15,117,616 (100.0) |
Age group, % | |||
30–49 years | 16.3 | 25.4 | 16.6 |
50–64 years | 38.2 | 50.3 | 38.7 |
65–74 years | 26.3 | 15.4 | 25.8 |
≥ 75 years | 19.3 | 8.9 | 18.8 |
Sex, % | |||
Male | 49.5 | 29.4 | 48.7 |
Female | 50.5 | 70.6 | 51.3 |
Race, % | |||
Non-Hispanic white | 60.8 | 50.6 | 60.4 |
Non-Hispanic black | 17.6 | 23.4 | 17.8 |
Mexican and other Hispanic | 13.3 | 21.8 | 13.6 |
Other | 8.3 | 4.2 | 8.2 |
Ratio of family income to poverty level ≤ 1.3, % | 22.4 | 62.9 | 24.1 |
Marital status, single or living alone, % | 37.6 | 53.3 | 38.3 |
Education, % | |||
College or above | 46.5 | 23.7 | 45.5 |
High school graduate | 25.3 | 19.5 | 25.0 |
Below high school | 28.2 | 56.8 | 29.4 |
Smoking | |||
Non-smoker | 50.2 | 39.1 | 49.8 |
Past | 35.7 | 24.7 | 35.2 |
Current | 14.1 | 36.1 | 15.0 |
Alcohol | |||
Non-drinker | 42.5 | 58.9 | 43.2 |
Above moderate level | 16.4 | 20.3 | 16.6 |
Moderate drinking | 41.1 | 20.8 | 40.2 |
Marijuana, ever use, % | 17.3 | 29.3 | 17.8 |
Physical activity level met guidelines,b % | 42.5 | 16.9 | 41.4 |
Cardiovascular diseases | 28.3 | 41.9 | 28.8 |
Diabetic retinopathy | 18.8 | 18.6 | 18.8 |
Hypertension | 81.8 | 79.1 | 81.7 |
Liver diseases | 4.2 | 11.9 | 4.5 |
Cancer | 17.3 | 23.8 | 17.5 |
Weak/failing kidneysc | 7.6 | 13.1 | 7.8 |
Overnight hospitalization in the past year, % | 22.1 | 42.5 | 23.0 |
My health in general is, % | |||
Excellent, very good | 15.4 | 1.2 | 14.8 |
Good/Fair | 69.4 | 61.7 | 69.1 |
Poor | 8.0 | 37.1 | 9.2 |
Missing | 7.2 | 0.0 | 6.9 |
Hours of sleep per day, % | |||
< =5 h | 17.5 | 43.5 | 18.6 |
6–8 h | 73.0 | 40.2 | 71.6 |
> =9 h | 8.9 | 15.6 | 9.2 |
Missing | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
Self-reported having trouble sleep, % | 35.7 | 69.2 | 37.1 |
Told by doctor having sleep disorders, % | 16.3 | 38.2 | 17.2 |
Age at diabetes diagnosis, years | |||
Mean (s.e.) | 52.4 (0.4) | 48.4 (1.3) | 52.2 (0.4) |
Categories, % | |||
< 50 | 42.5 | 56.1 | 43.0 |
50–69 | 47.3 | 37.2 | 46.8 |
> =70 | 9.5 | 4.8 | 9.3 |
Missing | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
Duration of diabetes | |||
Mean (s.e.) | 9.9 (0.2) | 9.6 (1.0) | 9.9 (0.2) |
Categories, % | |||
< 5 years | 30.9 | 21.1 | 30.5 |
5–9 years | 24.3 | 29.3 | 24.5 |
> =10 years | 43.9 | 47.6 | 44.1 |
Missing | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
HbA1c, % | |||
Mean (s.e.) | 7.3 (0.1) | 7.4 (0.2) | 7.3 (0.1) |
Categories, % | |||
< 6.5 % | 34.9 | 31.7 | 34.7 |
6.5- < 7.5 % | 28.7 | 28.7 | 28.7 |
7.5–8.9 % | 19.1 | 11.9 | 18.8 |
> =9 % | 12.9 | 15.0 | 13.0 |
Missing | 4.4 | 12.8 | 4.7 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | |||
Mean (s.e.) | 182.6 (1.6) | 195.3 (5.3) | 183.1 (1.5) |
Categories | |||
> 0 and <200 | 65.1 | 42.4 | 64.1 |
> =200 | 28.5 | 43.4 | 29.2 |
Missing | 6.4 | 14.2 | 6.7 |
LDL cholesterol(mg/dl) | |||
Mean (s.e.) | 98.5 (1.4) | 112.9 (6.0) | 99.0 (1.4) |
Categories | |||
> 0 and <100 | 52.5 | 38.9 | 52.0 |
> =100 | 39.7 | 54.3 | 40.2 |
Missing | 7.8 | 6.8 | 7.8 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | |||
Male and female, mean (s.e.) | 47.7 (0.4) | 45.1 (1.7) | 47.6 (0.4) |
Male, mean (s.e.) | 44.1 (0.5) | 38.7 (2.7) | 44.0 (0.5) |
Female, mean (s.e.) | 51.3 (0.7) | 48.0 (1.6) | 51.2 (0.7) |
Categories, % | |||
Male > 40 and female > 50 | 49.1 | 31.7 | 48.4 |
Male < =40 and female < =50 | 44.5 | 54.0 | 44.9 |
Missing | 6.4 | 14.2 | 6.7 |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | |||
Mean (s.e.) | 177.1 (9.7) | 162.4 (14.7) | 176.6 (9.4) |
Categories | |||
> 0 and <150 | 55.1 | 47.6 | 54.8 |
> =150 | 42.5 | 45.5 | 42.6 |
Missing | 2.4 | 6.8 | 2.6 |
Blood pressure (BP), mmHg | |||
SBP, mean (s.e.) | 130.5 (0.6) | 126.6 (2.1) | 130.4 (0.5) |
DBP, mean (s.e) | 68.6 (0.4) | 68.8 (1.9) | 68.6 (0.4) |
SBP < 140, DBP < 90 | 67.7 | 64.3 | 67.5 |
Missing | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 |
Medications | |||
Insulin, % | 26.6 | 30.3 | 26.8 |
Sulfonylureas, % | 35.4 | 22.1 | 34.8 |
THIAZOLIDINEDIONES, % | 17.5 | 9.9 | 17.1 |
Meglitinides, % | 1.8 | 0.4 | 1.8 |
DPP-4 INHIBITORS, % | 7.3 | 0.0 | 6.9 |
GLP-1 AGONISTS, % | 1.5 | 2.9 | 1.5 |
Metformin, % | 53.0 | 53.7 | 53.0 |
Any antihyperglycemic agents | 88.3 | 81.6 | 88.0 |
Antihypertensives, % | 76.8 | 73.2 | 76.6 |
Statins, % | 54.5 | 45.2 | 54.1 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||
Mean (s.e.) | 32.7 (0.2) | 34.4 (0.7) | 32.8 (0.2) |
Categories, % | |||
< 25 | 13.5 | 9.6 | 13.3 |
25- < 30 | 25.5 | 13.5 | 25.0 |
30- < 35 | 28.1 | 35.9 | 28.5 |
35+ | 32.8 | 41.0 | 33.2 |
Missing | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Waist-to-height ratio, mean (s.e.) | 0.662 (0.003) | 0.691 (0.010) | 0.663 (0.003) |
Categories, % | |||
0.3- < 0.5 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.3 |
0.5- < 0.7 | 61.7 | 46.5 | 61.1 |
≥ 0.7 | 27.8 | 37.4 | 28.2 |
Missing | 8.2 | 14.3 | 8.5 |