Reference | Study location | Sample and setting | Interventions | Total participants N analysed at follow-up (intervention/control) | Baseline characteristics (intervention/control) | Number and duration of AT sessions | Follow up (attrition rate intervention/control) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anderson et al. (2010) [19] | United States | Outpatients; diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder aged >18 | AT + TAU/TAU (day treatment, case management, employment placement, medication monitoring and individual counselling) | N = 23 (10/13) | Mean age 29 (13), range 21–57 in AT/31–62 years in TAU; 79 % male | Not reported | Within several days of completion (17 %/7 %) |
Chien et al. (2015) [18] | Hong Kong | Outpatients; diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder within past 5 years; poor adherence (DAI score <11), recent non-adherence, aged 18–64 | AT + TAU/TAU (routine treatment: psychiatric consultations at the two outpatient clinics, home visits by a community psychiatric nurse, brief education on psychiatric treatment and referrals to healthcare and welfare services) | N = 110 (54/56) | Mean age 29.21 (9.64) in AT/28.13 (8.96) in TAU; 51 % male in AT/53 % male in TAU | Mean n of AT sessions 6.9 (1.0) | 6 months (3.5 %) |
Gray et al. (2006) [5] | Amsterdam, Leipzig, London and Verona | Inpatients and community setting; diagnosis of schizophrenia; evidence of clinical instability in previous year; | AT + TAU/TAU + didactic health education | N = 371 (175/196) | Mean age 40.9 years (11.7) in AT/42.1 (11.4) years in TAU; 60 % male | Mean n of sessions 7 (1.96) in AT/7 (2.49) in TAU; mean duration 36 (12.1) min in AT/30 (9.9) min in TAU | 52 weeks (12.7 %/5.4 %) |
Maneesakorn et al. (2007) [21] | Chiang Mai, Thailand | Inpatients with community follow up; diagnosis of schizophrenia, aged >20 | AT + TAU/TAU (standard care: medication treatment, occupational therapy, group counseling and recreational therapy) | N = 28 (14/14) | Mean age 38.7 (12.8) years in AT/43 (6.5) years in TAU; 81 % male in AT/61 % male in TAU | All (14) received 8 sessions of AT; mean duration 43.68 (6.24) mina | 9 weeks (12.5 %/12.5 %) |
Schulz et al. (2013) [20] | Germany: Bielefeld, Warstein, Lippstadt; Switzerland: Bern | Inpatients; aged >18, schizophrenic disorder and inpatient in participating ward | AT+ TAU/TAU (based on national guidelines; including medication, psychotherapy, occupational therapy and psycho-education) | N = 123 (72/51) | Mean age 35 (10) years; 60 % male in AT/56 % male in TAU | Mean number of sessions 7.24 (1.09; 5–9); mean duration of sessions 42 min (12.96; 17–92 min) | 12 weeks |
Von Bormann et al. (2015) | Thailand | Inpatients due to psychiatric exacerbation; aged >20, schizophrenia diagnosis | AT + TAU/TAU (medication, vocational and recreational therapy and outreach community psychiatric support) | N = 70 (38/32) | Mean age 38 (11) years in AT/40 (9) years in TAU; 71 % male in AT/78 % male in TAU | All received 8 sessions of AT; mean duration 41 (8.0) min | 26 weeks |
Total | N = 725 (363/362) |