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Table 2 Binary logistic regression examining the association between clinical factors and depressive symptoms, June 2013

From: Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients in Black Lion General Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Depression status

Univariate

 

Depressed (PHQ 9 ≥ 5) n/%

Not depressed (PHQ 9 ≤ 4) n/%

p-Value

OR(95 % CI)

Diabetes treatment

Insulin plus oral hypoglycemic

15/50

15/50

0.93

1.0(0.5, 2.3)

Oral hypoglycemic

43/37.7

71/62.3

0.09

0.6(0.4, 1.1)

Cardiovascular disease

69/48.9

72/51.1

0.14

1.5(1.0, 2.4)

Other co-morbid disease

40/50

40/50

0.25

1.3(0.8, 2.3)

Diabetic retinopathy

69/49.3

71/50.7

0.11

1.5(0.9, 2.4)

Diabetic nephropathy

44/63.8

25/36.2

0.000

3.0(1.6, 5.1)

Diabetic neuropathy

45/54.2

38/45.8

0.03

1.8(1.0, 3.0)

Sexual dysfunction

22/31.9

47/68.1

0.01

0.5(0.3, 0.8)

Duration of diabetes, 9–16 years

46/47.9

50/52.1

0.37

1.3(0.7, 2.3)

Duration of diabetes treatment, 9–16 years

43/46.2

50/53.8

0.63

1.2(0.6, 2.0)

Fasting blood sugar ≥127 mg/dl

84/47.2

94/52.8

0.13

1.3(0.6, 2.7)

Body mass index (kg/m2 )

25.0–29.9

50/51

48/49

0.02

1.8(1.1, 3.1)

≥30

20/58.8

14/41.2

0.02

2.5(1.2, 5.4)

Number of co-morbidity,

1–2

66/42.6

89/57.4

0.81

1.1(0.6, 1.8)

≥3

18/69.2

8/30.8

0.01

3.2(1.3, 8.3)

Pill burden

5–6 pills

47/41.6

66/58.4

0.85

1.1(0.6, 1.9)

≥7 pills

40/54.1

34/45.9

0.09

1.8(0.9, 3.3)

Number of diabetic complication

1–2

72/48.7

76/51.3

0.04

2.0(1.0, 3.4)

≥3

27/50

27/50

0.15

1.7(0.8, 3.7)

Physical disability

63/47.7

69/52.3

0.32

1.3(0.8, 2.1)