Hospitalisation of severely mentally ill patients with and without problematic substance use before and during Assertive Community Treatment: an observational cohort study

Table 1 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of participants with and without problematic substance use on ACT enrolment

Socio-demographic characteristics:	Non-substance group (N = 58)		Substance group (N = 84)
Socio-demographic characteristics:	N	%	N	%	P-value
Sex (male)	34	59.6	60	71.4	0.151^a
Age, mean (SD)	41.7 (11.7)		38.4 (9.6)		0.068^c
Ethnicity					0.001^a
Norwegian	38	70.4	76	92.7
Marital status					0.056^b
Unmarried	38	65.5	68	81.0
Married/cohabitant	5	8.6	7	8.3
Divorced	15	25.9	9	10.7
Education					0.003^b
Completed primary school	29	55.8	47	58.8
Completed upper secondary school	13	25.0	31	38.8
Completed higher education	10	19.2	2	2.5
Employment status					0.291^b
Unemployed	45	77.6	73	86.9
Competitive job/study	5	8.6	3	3.6
Other	8	13.8	8	9.5
Living situation					0.625^b
Alone	38	65.5	53	63.9
With family	14	24.1	17	20.5
Staffed housing/supported housing/Institutions (hospital, prison, hospice)/Homeless/unstable living situation	6	10.3	13	15.7
Clinical characteristics:
Diagnosis					0.710^a
Severe mental illness (yes)	47	95.9	77	92.8
Community treatment order (yes)	13	22.4	38	45.8	0.005^a
Age of onset psychiatric illness, mean (SD)	27.3	9.4	24.8	8.1	0.135^d
Psychiatric symptoms, mean (SD)
BPRS mean total score, mean (SD)	2.24	0.66	2.60	0.86	0.015^d
BPRS positive symptoms, mean (SD)	2.23	1.14	2.65	1.34	0.075^d
BPRS negative symptoms, mean (SD)	2.59	1.18	2.43	1.14	0.432^d
BPRS agitation mania, mean (SD)	1.78	0.77	2.42	1.19	0.001^d
BPRS anxiety/depressive symptoms, mean (SD)	2.63	1.10	2.77	0.95	0.425^c
Global level of functioning – symptom scale (GAF-S), mean (SD)	43.6	10.6	39.8	9.8	0.032^c
Global level of functioning – functioning scale (GAF-F), mean (SD)	40.8	8.6	38.9	8.1	0.161^c
Level of functioning (PSF), mean (SD)	4.63	1.62	4.05	1.50	0.033^c

ISSN: 1471-244X