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Fig. 1 | BMC Psychiatry

Fig. 1

From: Harsh discipline relates to internalizing problems and cognitive functioning: findings from a cross-sectional study with school children in Tanzania

Fig. 1

SEM testing the indirect association (via internalizing problems) between harsh discipline, working memory and school performance. This model is consistent with the view that harsh discipline aggravates internalizing problems, which in turn degrade both, working memory and school performance. Note. Standardized maximum likelihood estimates (regression weights in bold and factor loadings in italics) are depicted; all paths are significant beyond .05. Error variables are omitted for clarity. SDQ: Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire; CDI: Children’s Depression Inventory

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