Table 3 Analyses of the discrimination power of HCL-32 and its sub-domains in screening BDs

 AUC (95 % CI)

0.56 (0.51–0.61)

0.52 (0.47–0.57)

0.67 (0.62–0.72)

 optimal cut-off score

>19

≥12

>2

 PPV (%)

38.87 (28.89–49.60)

29.72 (23.42–36.65)

37.96 (31.07–45.24)

 NPV (%)

77.72 (72.22–81.52)

76.53 (70.50–81.86)

83.20 (77.77–87.76)

 sensitivity (95 % CI)

0.32 (0.24–0.42)

0.52 (0.42–0.62)

0.65 (0.55–0.74)

 specificity (95 % CI)

0.82 (0.77–0.86)

0.56 (0.50–0.62)

0.62 (0.56–0.67)

 AUC

0.64 (0.60–0.69)

0.54 (0.49–0.59)

0.75 (0.70–0.79)

 optimal cut-off score

>21

>11

>2

 PPV (%)

53.84 (43.54–71.23)

27.20 (22.06–32.84)

37.63 (30.82–44.81)

 NPV (%)

81.31 (76.95–85.17)

83.27 (76.12–88.99)

88.50 (83.60–92.36)

 sensitivity (95 % CI)

0.31 (0.22–0.40)

0.76 (0.66–0.83)

0.74 (0.64–0.82)

 specificity (95 % CI)

0.93 (0.90–0.96)

0.37 (0.32–0.43)

0.62 (0.56–0.67)

 AUC

0.60 (0.56–0.65)

0.51 (0.47–0.56)

0.71 (0.67–0.75)

 optimal cut-off score

>19

>10

>2

 PPV (%)

58.44 (49.66–66.83)

43.31 (38.28–48.46)

56.07 (49.94–62.07)

 NPV (%)

64.57 (59.65–69.28)

63.82 (55.64–71.45)

73.99 (68.24–79.19)

 sensitivity (95 % CI)

0.36 (0.30–0.43)

0.75 (0.68–0.80)

0.69 (0.62–0.75)

 specificity (95 % CI)

0.82 (0.77–0.86)

0.31 (0.26–0.37)

0.62 (0.56–0.67)