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Table 2 Odds ratios and confidence intervals of physical diseases (12 months) for specific phobia and its subtypes (12 months) compared to a reference group that had no specific phobia during the past 12 months in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey – Mental Health Supplement (N = 4,181)

From: Associations of specific phobia and its subtypes with physical diseases: an adult community study

Phobia

Physical disease

 

Hypertension (n = 581)

Cardiac diseases (n = 100)

Gastro-intestinal diseases (n = 268)

Respiratory diseases (n = 284)

Diabetes (n = 115)

Arthritic conditions (n = 1107)

Allergies (n = 747)

Migraine (n = 491)

Neurological diseases (n = 27)

Thyroid diseases (n = 445)

Vascular diseases (n = 536)

Any physical disease (n = 2602)

Any specific phobia (n = 388)

1.22 (0.88–1.67) (n = 69)

1.94 (1.05–3.57)* (n = 16)

2.53 (1.73–3.69)* (n = 47)

2.20 (1.52–3.16)* (n = 49)

1.26 (0.63–2.51) (n = 12)

1.49 (1.15–1.92)* (n = 131)

1.29 (0.94–1.76) (n = 80)

1.99 (1.47–2.69)* (n = 78)

0.68 (0.09–4.95) (n = 1)

1.72 (1.24–2.37)* (n = 69)

1.17 (0.83–1.65) (n = 62)

1.87 (1.30–2.68)* (n = 289)

Animal subtypeb (n = 68)

0.88 (0.39–1.97) (n = 8)

2.76 (0.82–9.17) (n = 3)

3.53 (1.73–7.19)* (n = 14)

2.52 (1.10–5.76)* (n = 8)

1.92 (0.45–8.15) (n = 2)

0.93 (0.48–1.78) (n = 15)

2.02 (1.008–4.05)* (n = 18)

1.54 (0.79–2.99) (n = 13)

4.07 (0.52–31.37) (n = 1)

1.44 (0.73–2.86) (n = 13)

1.04 (0.49–2.20) (n = 10)

1.24 (0.53-2.87) (n = 48)

Natural subtypeb (n = 75)

1.45 (0.75–2.80) (n = 15)

2.28 (0.76–6.87) (n = 4)

2.53 (0.99–6.41) (n = 6)

1.66 (0.62–4.38) (n = 6)

0.86 (0.19-3.81) (n = 2)

1.55 (0.90–2.65) (n = 26)

1.28 (0.61–2.65) (n = 13)

2.40 (1.29–4.45)* (n = 17)

−a

1.41 (0.70–2.80) (n = 13)

1.74 (0.89–3.40) (n = 16)

2.02 (0.99–4.09) (n = 58)

Blood-injection subtypeb (n = 63)

0.89 (0.38–2.06) (n = 8)

2.05 (0.47–8.80) (n = 2)

2.20 (0.89–5.39) (n = 6)

2.14 (1.05-4.36)* (n = 10)

1.03 (0.14–7.49) (n = 1)

1.25 (0.68–2.25) (n = 19)

0.84 (0.40–1.73) (n = 9)

1.60 (0.71–3.55) (n = 8)

−a

1.56 (0.64–3.73) (n = 7)

0.75 (0.30–1.85) (n = 6)

0.99 (0.50–1.95) (n = 35)

Situational subtypeb (n = 88)

1.49 (0.86–2.56) (n = 22)

1.81 (0.64–5.14) (n = 5)

2.35 (1.14–4.85)* (n = 10)

1.63 (0.77–3.44) (n = 9)

1.17 (0.40–3.44) (n = 4)

1.82 (1.12–2.93)* (n = 34)

0.84 (0.46-1.52) (n = 17)

2.08 (1.16–3.70)* (n = 18)

−a

2.55 (1.42–4.57)* (n = 21)

0.71 (0.36–1.37) (n = 13)

1.70 (0.76-3.80) (n = 69)

Otherb (n = 3)

−a

−a

−a

−a

−a

−a

−a

−a

−a

29.91 (2.36-378.42)* (n = 2)

−a

1.55 (0.12–19.62) (n = 2)

  1. Note.CI confidence interval, DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, NOS not other specified, OR Odds Ratio, n unweighted number of subjects, % weighted percentage, *p < 0.05, aempty cell size, bSubjects did not fulfill the criteria of any other subtype, adjusted for sex