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Table 4 Multinomial regression analysis comparing CHP-parent agreement on the child having no problems with CHP-parent agreement on the child having problems, and CHP-parent disagreement with the child having problems

From: When do parents and child health professionals agree on child’s psychosocial problems? Cross-sectional study on parent–child health professional dyads

 

Reference: CHP-parent agreement on the child having no psychosocial problems (n = 2,086)

% children on which CHP and parent agree there are problems

Parents have concerns but CHP identifies no problems OR (95 % CI)# n = 1,107

Parents have no concerns but CHP identifies problems OR (95 % CI)# n = 302

Parents and CHP agree that child has problems OR (95 % CI)# n = 375

Child: CBCL/ITSEA total problem score

    

 No clinical score$

8.2

1

1

1

 Clinical score

40.0

8.57 (5.03–14.61)

4.44 (2.10–9.37)

22.38 (12.56–39.88)

Child: history of problems

    

 No$

5.6

1

1

1

 Yes

31.4

1.93 (1.51–2.46)

5.78 (4.31–7.76)

11.26 (8.53–14.87)

Environmental: Stressful situations

    

 No$

9.2

1

1

1

 Yes

13.7

1.77 (1.36–2.30)

1.55 (1.05–2.27)

1.50 (1.03–2.20)

Parenting: Parenting efficacy

    

 Higher efficacy$

7.5

1

1

1

 Lower efficacy

17.0

1.82 (1.52–2.19)

1.11 (0.81–1.52)

2.45 (1.87–3.20)

Gender

    

 Girl$

8.1

1

1

1

 Boy

11.4

0.96 (0.83–1.12)

1.25 (0.97–1.61)

1.20 (0.93–1.53)

Ethnicity

    

 Industrialized country$

9.4

1

1

1

 Non-Industrialized country

11.0

0.78 (0.62–0.98)

0.86 (0.61–1.21)

0.66 (0.47–0.93)

Age

    

 14 months$

5.6

1

1

1

 3 years 9 months

8.8

1.15 (0.91–1.44)

1.66 (0.97–2.84)

1.46 (0.92–2.31)

 5/6 years

13.5

0.84 (0.68–1.04)

3.25 (2.04–5.17)

2.55 (1.71–3.82)

 8–12 years

8.4

0.58 (0.46–0.73)

1.83 (1.13–2.96)

1.00 (0.65–1.55)

Educational level

    

 Low$

11.0

1

1

1

 Average

9.5

1.25 (1.04–1.51)

0.85 (0.63–1.14)

1.14 (0.85–1.53)

 High

8.0

1.43 (1.17–1.74)

0.76 (0.54–1.07)

1.05 (0.74–1.47)

 Unknown

7.7

1.24 (0.68–2.25)

0.81 (0.32–2.05)

0.60 (0.21–1.74)

CHP’s use of screening instruments

    

 Never$

9.2

1

1

1

 When indicated

11.5

0.93 (0.73–1.19)

1.35 (0.90–2.02)

1.61 (1.10–2.35)

 At each assessment

13.5

0.91 ((0.64–1.30)

1.27 (0.80–2.01)

1.03 (0.64–1.67)

Combination child, parent, environmental stressors

 

&

&

&

 Not in child and parenting/context$

4.0

1

1

1

 Not in child but in parenting/context

7.3

2.08 (1.73–2.51)

1.21 (0.85–1.73)

2.51 (1.77–3.58)

 In child, but not in parenting/context

25.8

2.76 (2.07–3.67)

6.26 (4.39–8.91)

15.39 (10.84–21.86)

 Both in child and parenting/context

36.4

5.05 (3.61–7.07)

6.67 (4.28–10.40)

35.58 (24.11–52.48)

  1. $ = Reference group
  2. # Adjusted for other parent, child, environmental stressors and child, family, and CHP background characteristics
  3. Bold: significant ORs, p < 0.05
  4. & adjusted for child, family, CHP background characteristics