| |
Total sample (N = 2463)
|
Women (n = 1315)
|
Men (n = 1148)
|
η2/sign.a
|
|---|
| |
M
|
SD
|
M
|
SD
|
M
|
SD
| |
|---|
|
Age
| | | | | | |
.01*
|
|
(A) 14-19 yrs.
|
14.05
|
6.54
|
15.02
|
5.93
|
13.42
|
6.88
| |
|
(B) 20-39 yrs.
|
12.74
|
6.67
|
13.34
|
6.75
|
12.01
|
6.51
| |
|
(C) 40-59 yrs.
|
12.82
|
6.42
|
12.99
|
6.48
|
12.61
|
6.35
| |
|
(D) ≥ 60 yrs.
|
11.94
|
6.14
|
12.82
|
6.08
|
10.92
|
6.06
| |
|
Marital status
| | | | | | |
.01*
|
|
(A) unmarried
|
13.41
|
6.70
|
14.40
|
6.64
|
12.58
|
6.65
| |
|
(B) married
|
12.07
|
5.90
|
12.57
|
5.77
|
11.60
|
6.02
| |
|
(C) divorced
|
13.09
|
6.84
|
13.33
|
6.90
|
12.77
|
6.78
| |
|
(D) widowed
|
12.93
|
6.36
|
12.86
|
6.35
|
13.18
|
6.45
| |
|
Children
| | | | | | | |
|
yes
|
12.88
|
6.21
|
13.07
|
6.08
|
12.62
|
6.39
| |
|
no
|
12.48
|
6.49
|
13.11
|
6.54
|
11.80
|
3.37
| |
|
Migration
| | | | | | | |
|
yes
|
13.62
|
6.50
|
13.92
|
6.43
|
13.27
|
6.64
| |
|
no
|
12.54
|
6.42
|
13.07
|
6.42
|
11.93
|
6.37
| |
|
Religion
| | | | | | |
.01*
|
|
(A) Christian
|
12.51
|
6.54
|
13.09
|
6.52
|
11.79
|
6.05
| |
|
(B) Muslim
|
15.40
|
6.23
|
16.00
|
5.74
|
14.97
|
6.61
| |
|
(C) other
|
12.51
|
5.79
|
12.97
|
6.22
|
11.42
|
4.62
| |
|
(D) no religion
|
12.48
|
6.11
|
12.89
|
6.09
|
12.09
|
6.10
| |
|
Education
| | | | | | |
.01*
|
|
(A) <10th grade
|
12.72
|
6.48
|
13.17
|
6.44
|
12.24
|
6.50
| |
|
(B) completed 10th grade
|
12.50
|
6.37
|
12.98
|
6.43
|
11.82
|
6.22
| |
|
(C) high school
|
12.60
|
6.37
|
13.16
|
6.68
|
12.01
|
6.00
| |
|
(D) college/university
|
11.16
|
5.79
|
11.97
|
5.61
|
10.44
|
5.87
| |
|
(E) without qualification
|
15.68
|
7.22
|
16.02
|
6.60
|
15.26
|
8.00
| |
|
Employment
| | | | | | |
.02*
|
|
(A) Employed
|
12.32
|
6.30
|
12.79
|
6.34
|
11.83
|
6.22
| |
|
(B) Student/training
|
13.72
|
6.52
|
15.13
|
6.37
|
12.58
|
6.45
| |
|
(C) Unemployed
|
15.39
|
7.42
|
15.05
|
7.54
|
15.73
|
7.32
| |
|
(D) Retired
|
12.14
|
6.28
|
13.01
|
6.28
|
11.13
|
6.13
| |
|
(E) Household
|
12.59
|
6.26
|
12.53
|
6.27
|
13.18
|
6.40
| |
|
Incomeb
| | | | | | |
.02*
|
|
(A) ≤ 750
|
13.83
|
6.54
|
13.47
|
6.33
|
15.04
|
7.11
| |
|
(B) 751-1250
|
13.33
|
6.64
|
13.60
|
6.65
|
12.86
|
6.60
| |
|
(C) 1251-2000
|
11.68
|
6.21
|
12.11
|
6.25
|
11.31
|
6.16
| |
|
(D) 2001-3500
|
11.77
|
6.14
|
13.26
|
5.84
|
11.26
|
6.16
| |
|
(E) > 3500
|
11.36
|
5.64
|
13.79
|
6.94
|
10.59
|
5.01
| |
- * = p < .01; η2 = effect size; aANOVA main effects; significant Scheffé-tests: age: (A) > (D), (C) > (D); marital status: (A), (C) > (B); religion: (B) > (A), (D); education: (E) > (A), (B), (C), (D); (A) > (D); employment: (C) > (A), (D), (E);; income: (A) > (C), (D); (B) > (C), (D); b€/month per person
