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Table 4 Perceived stress in the general population according to demographic characteristics

From: The German version of the Perceived Stress Scale – psychometric characteristics in a representative German community sample

 

Total sample (N = 2463)

Women (n = 1315)

Men (n = 1148)

η2/sign.a

 

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

 

Age

      

.01*

 (A) 14-19 yrs.

14.05

6.54

15.02

5.93

13.42

6.88

 

 (B) 20-39 yrs.

12.74

6.67

13.34

6.75

12.01

6.51

 

 (C) 40-59 yrs.

12.82

6.42

12.99

6.48

12.61

6.35

 

 (D) ≥ 60 yrs.

11.94

6.14

12.82

6.08

10.92

6.06

 

Marital status

      

.01*

 (A) unmarried

13.41

6.70

14.40

6.64

12.58

6.65

 

 (B) married

12.07

5.90

12.57

5.77

11.60

6.02

 

 (C) divorced

13.09

6.84

13.33

6.90

12.77

6.78

 

 (D) widowed

12.93

6.36

12.86

6.35

13.18

6.45

 

Children

       

 yes

12.88

6.21

13.07

6.08

12.62

6.39

 

 no

12.48

6.49

13.11

6.54

11.80

3.37

 

Migration

       

 yes

13.62

6.50

13.92

6.43

13.27

6.64

 

 no

12.54

6.42

13.07

6.42

11.93

6.37

 

Religion

      

.01*

 (A) Christian

12.51

6.54

13.09

6.52

11.79

6.05

 

 (B) Muslim

15.40

6.23

16.00

5.74

14.97

6.61

 

 (C) other

12.51

5.79

12.97

6.22

11.42

4.62

 

 (D) no religion

12.48

6.11

12.89

6.09

12.09

6.10

 

Education

      

.01*

 (A) <10th grade

12.72

6.48

13.17

6.44

12.24

6.50

 

 (B) completed 10th grade

12.50

6.37

12.98

6.43

11.82

6.22

 

 (C) high school

12.60

6.37

13.16

6.68

12.01

6.00

 

 (D) college/university

11.16

5.79

11.97

5.61

10.44

5.87

 

 (E) without qualification

15.68

7.22

16.02

6.60

15.26

8.00

 

Employment

      

.02*

 (A) Employed

12.32

6.30

12.79

6.34

11.83

6.22

 

 (B) Student/training

13.72

6.52

15.13

6.37

12.58

6.45

 

 (C) Unemployed

15.39

7.42

15.05

7.54

15.73

7.32

 

 (D) Retired

12.14

6.28

13.01

6.28

11.13

6.13

 

 (E) Household

12.59

6.26

12.53

6.27

13.18

6.40

 

Incomeb

      

.02*

 (A) ≤ 750

13.83

6.54

13.47

6.33

15.04

7.11

 

 (B) 751-1250

13.33

6.64

13.60

6.65

12.86

6.60

 

 (C) 1251-2000

11.68

6.21

12.11

6.25

11.31

6.16

 

 (D) 2001-3500

11.77

6.14

13.26

5.84

11.26

6.16

 

 (E) > 3500

11.36

5.64

13.79

6.94

10.59

5.01

 
  1. * = p < .01; η2 = effect size; aANOVA main effects; significant Scheffé-tests: age: (A) > (D), (C) > (D); marital status: (A), (C) > (B); religion: (B) > (A), (D); education: (E) > (A), (B), (C), (D); (A) > (D); employment: (C) > (A), (D), (E);; income: (A) > (C), (D); (B) > (C), (D); b€/month per person