From: Nonmedical use of prescription drugs in the European Union
 | Past-Year, %a (SE)b | Lifetime, %a (SE)b | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Stimulants | Opioids | Sedatives | Stimulants | Opioids | Sedatives |
Country | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Denmark | 2.5 (0.4) | 4.4 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.5) | 6.0 (0.6) | 11.6 (0.8) | 7.8 (0.6) |
 Germany | 2.2 (0.2) | 2.9 (0.2) | 2.8 (0.2) | 5.8 (0.3) | 9.6 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.3) |
 Great Britain | 3.9 (0.5) | 6.2 (0.5) | 5.7 (0.5) | 9.1 (0.6) | 14.6 (0.7) | 10.1 (0.6) |
 Spain | 2.4 (0.3) | 6.8 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.6) | 6.8 (0.4) | 18.3 (0.7) | 17.9 (0.7) |
 Sweden | 2.6 (0.4) | 3.8 (0.5) | 7.5 (0.6) | 6.1 (0.6) | 11.3 (0.7) | 12.4 (0.8) |
P-Value | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 3.8 (0.3) | 5.7 (0.3) | 6.4 (0.4) | 9.5 (0.4) | 15.4 (0.5) | 11.6 (0.4) |
 Female | 1.8 (0.2) | 4.2 (0.2) | 5.2 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.2) | 11.6 (0.4) | 10.2 (0.3) |
P-Value | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | p < .001 | P < .001 | P = .016 |
Race | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 White | 2.5 (0.2) | 4.9 (0.2) | 5.4 (0.2) | 6.5 (0.3) | 13.5 (0.4) | 10.6 (0.3) |
 Non-white | 6.0 (1.0) | 8.0 (1.1) | 9.0 (1.2) | 14 (1.3) | 19.5 (1.5) | 13.7 (1.3) |
P-Value | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .015 |
Age, years | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 12–17 | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.3) | 3.5 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.3) |
 18–29 | 3.6 (0.3) | 5.1 (0.4) | 6.3 (0.4) | 8.9 (0.5) | 13.1 (0.6) | 10.2 (0.5) |
 30–49 | 2.6 (0.2) | 5.5 (0.3) | 6.3 (0.3) | 6.6 (0.3) | 15.3 (0.4) | 12.7 (0.3) |
P-Value | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 |
Marital Statusc | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Never married | 2.9 (0.2) | 4.6 (0.2) | 5.8 (0.3) | 6.8 (0.3) | 11.9 (0.4) | 10.5 (0.4) |
 Married/cohabitating | 3.2 (0.3) | 6.1 (0.4) | 5.9 (0.3) | 7.7 (0.5) | 16.4 (0.6) | 11.7 (0.5) |
 Divorced/separated/widowed | 1.9 (0.3) | 4.3 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.5) | 6.2 (0.5) | 13.0 (0.6) | 10.6 (0.6) |
P-Value | P = .027 | P = .002 | P = .908 | P = .074 | P < .001 | P = .100 |
Employment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Full/Part time | 2.9 (0.3) | 4.9 (0.3) | 5.4 (0.3) | 7.4 (0.3) | 14.2 (0.4) | 10.8 (0.4) |
 Unemployed | 3.3 (0.5) | 6.4 (0.7) | 8.3 (0.7) | 8.5 (0.8) | 17.6 (1.1) | 16.1 (1.1) |
 Student | 1.8 (0.3) | 2.6 (0.3) | 3.9 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.4) | 7.1 (0.6) | 5.6 (0.5) |
 Not in labor force | 2.9 (0.4) | 7.1 (0.6) | 7.7 (0.6) | 7.4 (0.6) | 15.4 (0.8) | 13.3 (0.8) |
P-Value | P = .022 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 | P < .001 |