Table 3 Odds ratios for sleep disturbance according to parenting styles, by sex
Inadequate parenting styles | (vs. adequate parenting style) | No. with sleep disturbance | Model 1 (Adjusted for socio- demographic and life style factors) | Model 2 (Model 1+ physical factors) | Model 3 (Model 2+ psychological factor) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inadequate parenting | Adequate parenting | OR (95 % CI) | p value | OR (95 % CI) | p value | OR (95 % CI) | p value | ||
Men (n = 265) | |||||||||
Father | |||||||||
Low care | (vs. High care) | 51/163 | 15/102 | 2.67 (1.36–5.20) | 0.004 | 2.49 (1.21–5.09) | 0.01 | 1.79 (0.82–3.87) | 0.1 |
High overprotection | (vs. Low overprotection) | 50/156 | 16/109 | 2.91 (1.50–5.65) | 0.002 | 2.40 (1.19–4.85) | 0.01 | 2.17 (1.03–4.58) | 0.04 |
Mother | |||||||||
Low care | (vs. High care) | 43/155 | 23/110 | 1.50 (0.81–2.79) | 0.2 | 1.47 (0.76–2.85) | 0.2 | 1.18 (0.58–2.40) | 0.6 |
High overprotection | (vs. Low overprotection) | 46/155 | 20/110 | 2.10 (1.12–3.97) | 0.02 | 1.87 (0.95–3.65) | 0.07 | 1.59 (0.77–3.28) | 0.2 |
Women (n = 437) | |||||||||
Father | |||||||||
Low care | (vs. High care) | 57/176 | 80/361 | 1.04 (0.67–1.61) | 0.8 | 0.95 (0.60–1.49) | 0.8 | 0.67 (0.41–1.09) | 0.1 |
High overprotection | (vs. Low overprotection) | 75/219 | 62/218 | 1.23 (0.81–1.88) | 0.3 | 1.13 (0.73–1.75) | 0.6 | 0.91 (0.57–1.45) | 0.7 |
Mother | |||||||||
Low care | (vs. High care) | 70/189 | 67/248 | 1.48 (0.96–2.25) | 0.07 | 1.37 (0.89–2.13) | 0.2 | 0.98 (0.61–1.58) | 0.9 |
High overprotection | (vs. Low overprotection) | 77/210 | 60/227 | 1.68 (1.10–2.56) | 0.02 | 1.62 (1.05–2.52) | 0.03 | 1.28 (0.80–2.04) | 0.3 |