| |
Total
|
0 BPD symptoms
|
1–2 BPD symptoms
|
3–4 BPD symptoms
|
≥5 BPD symptoms
|
P for trend
|
|---|
| |
%
|
% [95 % CI]
|
% [95 % CI]
|
% [95 % CI]
|
% [95 % CI]
| |
|---|
|
3-year mental disorders
| | | | | | |
|
Any mood disorder
|
8.4
|
3.76 [2.87,4.66]
|
14.46 [11.87,17.04]
|
36.18 [27.74,44.62]
|
58.00 [40.27,75.74]
|
.000a,b,c,d,e
|
|
Major depression
|
7.5
|
3.45 [2.63,4.28]
|
13.52 [11.03,16.01]
|
30.67 [23.21,38.12]
|
40.53 [24.86,56.20]
|
.000a,b,c,d,e
|
|
Dysthymia
|
0.7
|
0.03 [–0.03,0.09]
|
1.41 [0.32,2.49]
|
3.93 [–0.90,8.77]
|
5.41 [–1.55,12.38]
|
.000a,b,c
|
|
Bipolar disorder
|
0.8
|
0.31 [0.03,0.58]
|
0.80 [0.18,1.41]
|
4.53 [1.61,7.45]
|
15.74 [4.60,26.88]
|
.000b,c,d,e
|
|
Any anxiety disorder
|
7.9
|
4.87 [3.88,5.87]
|
11.95 [8.60,15.31]
|
25.01 [18.37,31.65]
|
40.25 [27.24,53.27]
|
.000a,b,c,d,e
|
|
Panic disorder
|
1.9
|
0.88 [0.41,1.36]
|
3.81 [1.89,5.73]
|
4.38 [2.42,6.34]
|
11.58 [2.12,21.04]
|
.000a,b,c
|
|
Agoraphobia
|
0.4
|
0.29 [–0.01,0.60]
|
0.33 [0.09,0.57]
|
2.86 [–0.04,5.76]
|
3.35 [–0.55,7.25]
|
.004b,c,d,e
|
|
Social phobia
|
2.5
|
1.15 [0.57,1.74]
|
3.82 [2.16,5.48]
|
11.95 [6.62,17.28]
|
19.94 [4.97,34.91]
|
.000a,b,c,d,e
|
|
Specific phobia
|
3.5
|
2.68 [1.87,3.49]
|
4.71 [2.87,6.55]
|
7.41 [3.86,10.96]
|
13.15 [4.49,21.80]
|
.000b,c
|
|
GAD
|
1.6
|
0.77 [0.43,1.10]
|
2.77 [1.36,4.19]
|
6.89 [3.19,10.60]
|
5.32 [–0.80,11.44]
|
.000a,b,c,d
|
|
Any substance use disorder
|
5.7
|
3.82 [2.88,4.76]
|
7.40 [5.49,9.31]
|
18.58 [11.80,25.36]
|
31.32 [17.46,45.17]
|
.000a,b,c,d,e
|
|
Alcohol abuse
|
3.6
|
3.05 [2.18,3.92]
|
4.73 [3.04,6.41]
|
4.32 [1.49,7.15]
|
3.47 [–3.20,10.14]
|
.030
|
|
Alcohol dependence
|
0.9
|
0.24 [0.08,0.39]
|
1.12 [0.56,1.69]
|
7.27 [2.79,11.75]
|
19.23 [2.23,36.23]
|
.000a,b,c,d,e
|
|
Drug abuse
|
0.9
|
0.60 [0.14,1.07]
|
1.03 [0.18,1.88]
|
2.57 [–0.10,5.23]
|
8.16 [–0.33,16.65]
|
.003c,e
|
|
Drug dependence
|
0.6
|
0.08 [–0.00,0.16]
|
0.74 [0.23,1.25]
|
5.72 [0.30,11.14]
|
8.44 [–0.32,17.19]
|
.000a,b,c,d,e
|
|
Any mental disorder
|
17.4
|
10.96 [9.59, 12.33]
|
25.97 [22.10, 29.84]
|
57.18 [48.11,66.26]
|
74.76 [62.99,86.53]
|
.000a,b,c,d,e
|
|
3-year suicidal behaviour
|
2.4
|
0.94 [0.48,1.40]
|
3.61 [2.13,5.08]
|
14.63 [8.03,21.23]
|
29.87 [16.37,43.38]
|
.000a,b,c,d,e
|
|
Vulnerability to mental disorders
| | | | | | |
|
Childhood abuse
|
27.3
|
22.83 [21.28,24.38]
|
35.31 [31.76,38.85]
|
48.63 [40.20,57.06]
|
58.12 [42.01,74.23]
|
.000a,b,c,d,e
|
|
Lifetime mental health problems of parents
|
31.4
|
28.58 [26.32,30.83]
|
36.07 [32.36,39.78]
|
42.05 [34.32,49.77]
|
65.90 [54.73,77.06]
|
.000a,b,c,e,f
|
- a: category 0 symptoms versus category 1–2 symptoms was significantly different (P < .01; in bold at P < .001)
- b: category 0 symptoms versus category 3–4 symptoms was significantly different (P < .01; in bold at P < .001)
- c: category 0 symptoms versus category ≥ 5 symptoms was significantly different (P < .01; in bold at P < .001)
- d: category 1–2 symptoms versus category 3–4 symptoms was significantly different (P < .01; in bold at P < .001)
- e: category 1–2 symptoms versus category ≥ 5 symptoms was significantly different (P < .01; in bold at P < .001)
- f: category 3–4 symptoms versus category ≥ 5 symptoms was significantly different (P < .01; in bold at P < .001)
