Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | n per study arm (dropout) | Compared treatments (plus categorization) | Study quality & Jadad score | Primary outcome (at post-treatment) | Secondary outcome (at post-treatment) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brom et al. [57] | 31(4)/29(4)/29(4) | Trauma desensitization (EX; TF) vs. brief psychodynamic therapya vs. hypnotherapyb (EX; TF) | 0/0/+/+/0/0/0: 1 | 1 vs. 2: −0.26 [−0.80, 0.29] | 1 vs. 2: 0.23 [−0.19, 0.65] |
1 vs. 3: −0.26 [−0.81, 0.28] | 1 vs. 3: 0.02 [−0.40, 0.43] | ||||
2 vs. 3: −0.05 [−0.60, 0.51] | 2 vs. 3: −0.22 [−0.64, 0.21] | ||||
Bryant et al. [58] | 31(8)/28(6) | Imaginal EX (TF) vs. in vivo EX (TF) | +/+/+/+/+/+/+: 4 | 0.05 [−0.37, 0.47] | 0.16 [−0.25, 0.58] |
Cook et al. [47]c | 61(22)/63(12) | Imagery Rehearsal (CBT; TFCBT + EX; TF) vs. Sleep & Nightmare Management (CBT) | +/+/+/+/+/+/+: 4 | −0.10 [−0.41, 0.20] | −0.09 [−0.36, 0.18] |
Cottraux et al. [59]c | 31(4)/29(14) | CBT (TFCBT + EX; TF) vs. Rogerian supportive therapy (PCT) | +/+/+/+/0/0/+: 4 | −0.05 [−0.68, 0.58] | −0.16 [−0.63, 0.30] |
Devilly & Spence [60] | 15(3)/17(6) | Cognitive-behavior trauma treatment protocol (CBT; TFCBT + EX; TF) vs. EMDR (TF) | 0/0/+/+/+/0/0: 1 | −0.58 [−1.24, 0.09] | −0.29 [−0.96, 0.39] |
Foa et al. [42]c | 17(3)/14(4) | Stress inoculation training (CBT) vs. PE (TF) | 0/+/+/+/+/0/+: 2 | −0.54 [−1.37, 0.29] | −0.22 [−0.89, 0.44] |
Foa et al. [61]c | 26(7)/25(2) | Stress inoculation training (CBT) vs. PE (TF) | 0/+/+/+/+/0/+: 2 | 0.14 [−0.46, 0.75] | 0.62 [−0.08, 1.16] |
Hien et al. [46]c | 41(16)/34(10) | Seeking Safety (CBT) vs. relapse prevention (CBT) | 0/0/0/+/+/+/+: 0 | 0.32 [−0.04, 0.69] | 0.18 [−0.27, 0.64] |
Ironson et al. [62] | 10(0)/12(6) | EMDR (TF) vs. PE (TF) | 0/0/+/0/+/0/+: 1 | −0.62 [−1.55, 0.31] | −1.29 [−2.30, −0.28] |
Lee et al. [63] | 13(1)/13(1) | Stress inoculation training + PE (CBT; TFCBT + EX; TF) vs. EMDR (TF) | 0/0/0/+/+/0/+: 0 | 0.53 [−0.14, 1.19] | 0.52 [−0.30, 1.33] |
Marks et al. [64] | 19(1)/23(3) | Cognitive restructuring (CBT; TF) vs. PE (TF) | 0/+/+/0/+/0/+: 2 | 0.07 [−0.55, 0.70] | 0.19 [−0.34, 0.72] |
McDonagh et al. [44]c | 29(12)/22(2) | CBT (TFCBT + EX; TF) vs. problem solving therapy (PCT) | 0/+/+/+/+/+/+: 2 | 0.22 [−0.33, 0.78] | 0.22 [−0.21, 0.64] |
Neuner et al. [65]c | 17(2)/14(1) | Narrative exposure therapy (CBT; TFCBT + EX; TF) vs. supportive counselling (PCT) | +/+/+/+/+/0/0: 4 | −0.06 [−0.80, 0.68] | −0.23 [−0.98, 0.52] |
Paunovic & Öst [66] | 10(3)/10(1) | CBT (TFCBT + EX; TF) vs. EX (TF) | 0/0/+/0/0/0/0: 1 | −0.20 [−0.94, 0.54] | −0.29 [−1.05, 0.47] |
Power et al. [45] | 37(16)/39(12) | Cognitive restructuring + EX (CBT; TFCBT + EX; TF) vs. EMDR (TF) | +/+/+/+/+/0/+: 4 | 0.55 [0.07, 1.02] | 0.56 [0.10, 1.02] |
Ready et al. [67]c | 6(1)/5(1) | Virtual reality EX (TF) vs. PCT | 0/+/+/0/0/0/+: 2 | −0.51 [−1.86, 0.84] | −1.62 [−3.26, 0.02] |
Resick et al. [68] | 62(11)/62(12) | Cognitive processing (CBT; TFCBT + EX; TF) vs. PE (TF) | 0/0/+/+/+/+/+: 1 | −0.27 [−0.57, 0.04] | −0.46 [−0.74, −0.18] |
Rothbaum et al. [69] | 25(5)/23(3) | EMDR (TF) vs. PE (TF) | 0/+/0/0/+/0/+: 1 | 0.34 [−0.17, 0.85] | 0.50 [0.00, 1.00] |
Schnurr et al. [70]c | 162(44)/163(28) | Trauma-focused group therapy (CBT; TFCBT + EX; TF) vs. PCT group therapy | +/+/+/0/+/+/+: 4 | −0.12 [−0.31, 0.07] | 0.00 [−0.17, 0.17] |
Schnurr et al. [71]c | 143(30)/141(53) | PCT vs. PE (TF) | +/+/+/+/+/+/+: 4 | 0.31 [0.11, 0.51] | 0.14 [−0.05, 0.33] |
Tarrier et al. [72] | 37(4)/35(6) | Cognitive therapy (CBT; TF) vs. imaginal EX (TF) | +/+/0/0/+/0/+: 3 | 0.17 [−0.22, 0.57] | 0.07 [−0.36, 0.50] |
Taylor et al. [73] | 19(4)/22(7) | EMDR (TF) vs. EX (TF) | 0/+/+/+/+/0/+: 2 | 0.32 [−0.30, 0.94] | 0.17 [−0.40, 0.74] |