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Table 1 Baseline (and follow-up GDS) Characteristics of 3C Subjects by Depressive Symptom Change over 1 Year

From: Depressive symptoms and functional decline following coronary interventions in older patients with coronary artery disease: a prospective cohort study

 

Depressive symptom category

 
 

None

n = 248

Baseline only

n = 32

New onset

n = 28

Persistent

n = 42

P-value*

Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors

 Age: mean (SD)

70.1 (5.8)

71.0 (6.1)

74.3 (6.5)

71.7 (5.3)

0.03

 Age 75+: n (%)

57 (23.0)

7 (21.9)

9 (32.1)

12 (28.6)

0.11

 Male: n (%)

186 (75.0)

23 (71.9)

18 (64.3)

31 (73.8)

0.67

 Education: mean (SD), y

13.2 (3.8)

11.5 (2.7)

11.4 (4.3)

12.2 (4.2)

0.01

 Lives alone: n (%)

31 (12.5)

8 (25.0)

9 (32.1)

7 (16.7)

0.02

 Current or past smoker: n (%)

176 (71.0)

23 (71.9)

20 (71.4)

30 (71.4)

>0.99

 Heavy drinker: n (%)

48 (19.4)

8 (25.0)

4 (14.3)

8 (19.0)

0.77

Treatment Group, n (%)

 CABG

80 (32.3)

13 (40.6)

10 (35.7)

18 (42.9)

0.66

 PCI

107 (43.1)

13 (40.6)

9 (32.1)

14 (33.3)

 

 Medical Therapy

61 (24.6)

6 (18.8)

9 (32.1)

10 (23.8)

 

Clinical Characteristicsa n (%)

 Admitted with stable angina (vs MI, unstable angina and other)

168 (68.3)

19 (61.3)

16 (57.1)

24 (57.1)

0.37

 Ejection Fraction <50 %

53 (21.5)

9 (29.0)

6 (21.4)

9 (21.4)

0.82

 High risk coronary anatomyb

105 (42.7)

19 (61.3)

16 (59.3)

20 (48.8)

0.17

 CCS angina class > II

104 (42.3)

19 (61.3)

18 (64.3)

26 (61.9)

0.01

 Acute coronary syndrome

53 (21.5)

9 (29.0)

11 (39.3)

16 (38.1)

0.04

Medical Historya n (%)

 Cerebrovascular disease

20 (8.1)

4 (12.9)

2 (7.1)

8 (19.0)

0.14

 Congestive heart failure

22 (8.9)

3 (9.7)

5 (17.9)

3 (7.1)

0.45

 Peripheral vascular diseasec

21 (8.6)

2 (6.3)

1 (3.6)

7 (16.7)

0.57

 Diabetes Mellitus (Type I or II)

52 (21.1)

11 (35.5)

4 (14.3)

15 (35.7)

0.05

 Hypertension

185 (75.2)

27 (87.1)

23 (82.1)

33 (78.6)

0.44

 Hyperlipidemia

207 (84.1)

24 (77.4)

25 (89.3)

34 (81.0)

0.62

 Pulmonary disease

48 (19.5)

7 (22.6)

8 (28.6)

13 (31.0)

0.31

 Renal disease

5 (2.0)

2 (6.5)

1 (3.6)

2 (4.8)

0.45

 Malignancy

12 (4.9)

1 (3.2)

2 (7.1)

3 (7.1)

0.84

 Severe/debilitating liver disease

1 (0.4)

1 (3.2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.23

 Severe/debilitating gastrointestinal disease

14 (5.7)

3 (9.7)

2 (7.1)

7 (16.7)

0.09

Additional Clinical Information

 Baseline mean MMSE score (SD)

28.5 (1.3)

27.8 (2.0)

27.6 (2.3)

27.2 (2.6)

<0.001

 Previous stroke and/or TIA: n(%)

27 (10.9)

4 (12.5)

5 (17.9)

7 (16.7)

0.57

 Self rated health-fair/poor: n(%)d

34 (13.8)

16 (50.0)

7 (25.0)

23 (54.8)

<0.001

 Anxiety level (STAI score): mean (SD)e

32.7 (9.7)

35.1 (9.2)

35.2 (10.2)

43.1 (10.2)

<0.001

Baseline and Follow-up GDS Score

 Baseline GDS scores, mean (SD)

1.76 (1.28)

6.22 (1.64)

2.39 (1.37)

7.60 (2.67)

<0.001

 6 Month GDS scores, mean (SD)

1.12 (1.18)

2.35 (1.33)

5.61 (2.96)

7.19 (3.05)

<0.001

 12 Month GDS scores, mean (SD)

1.18 (1.22)

1.78 (1.24)

4.26 (2.86)

6.90 (3.26)

<0.001

 30 month GDS scores, mean (SD)

1.20 (1.46)

3.11 (2.25)

3.41 (2.89)

7.70 (3.70)

<0.001

  1. Reproduced with permission from Archives of General Psychiatry. 2012. 69(3):244–255.25 Copyright © (2012) American Medical Association. All rights reserved
  2. Abbreviations: GDS geriatric depression scale, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, MI myocardial infarction, MMSE mini-mental state examination, TIA transient ischemic attack, STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
  3. aAPPROACH variables collected at time of catheterization, n = 246 patients in the group with no depressive symptoms and n = 31 in the group with symptoms at baseline only, otherwise noted
  4. bn = 27, n = 41 for the new onset and persistent groups respectively (high risk coronary anatomy)
  5. cn = 245 for the no depressive symptoms group (peripheral vascular disease)
  6. dn = 247 for no depressive symptoms group (self-rated health)
  7. en = 246 for no depressive symptoms group (anxiety)
  8. *F-test for continuous variables; chi-square test for categorical variables