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Table 2 Presentations with psychosis – demographics, clinical data and disposition from the ED

From: Psychosis associated with acute recreational drug toxicity: a European case series

 

Presentations with psychosis

Presentations without psychosis

 
 

n (%)

median (IQR)

mean (SD)

n (%)

median (IQR)

mean (SD)

p-value

Age

 Total

 

29 years (24-38)

  

31 years (24-39)

 

0.077b

 Males

276 (79.3)a

29 years (24-38)

 

3892 (75.1)a

32 years (25-39)

 

0.041b

 Females

72 (20.7)a

26.5 years (22-39)

 

1289 (24.9)a

28 years (22-37)

 

0.675b

Observations at presentation

 Respiratory rate

  

18 /min (5)

  

16 /min (5)

<0.001

 Heart rate

  

100 /min (22)

  

91 /min (24)

< 0.001

 Systolic blood pressure

  

131 mmHg (20)

  

125 mmHg (21)

< 0.001

 Diastolic blood pressure

  

80 mmHg (16)

  

77 mmHg (16)

0.004

 Temperature

  

36.7 °C (0.8)

  

36.3 °C (0.9)

< 0.001

 Blood glucose

 

5.7 mmol/L (5.1-6.9)

  

5.6 mmol/L (4.9-6.7)

 

0.079

 Conscious level

  Alert (GCS 15)

203 (58.3)

  

2564 (49.5)

  

0.002

  Drowsy (GCS 8-14)

122 (35.1)

  

2013 (38.9)

  

0.002

  Comatose (GCS ≤ 7)

9 (2.6)

  

448 (8.6)

  

< 0.001

  Not recorded

14 (4.0)

  

156 (3.0)

  

0.369

Clinical features

 Hallucinations

152 (43.7)

  

232 (4.5)

  

< 0.001

 Agitation/aggression

220 (63.2)

  

1247 (24.1)

  

< 0.001

 Anxiety

129 (37.1)

  

911 (17.6)

  

< 0.001

 Hyperthermia

7 (2.0)

  

67 (1.3)

  

0.375

Disposition from ED

 Medically discharged

132 (37.9)

  

3016 (58.2)

  

< 0.001

 Self discharge

50 (14.4)

  

906 (17.5)

  

0.157

 Admitted critical care

14 (4.0)

  

318 (6.1)

  

0.140

 Admitted psychiatric ward

114 (32.8)

  

170 (3.3)

  

< 0.001

 Admitted other

38 (10.9)

  

739 (14.3)

  

0.097

 Death

-

  

16 (0.3)

  

0.601

 Unknown

-

  

16 (0.3)

  

0.601

Length of stay in hospital

 

5.1 hours (2.3-13.6)

  

4.6 hours (2.5-9.7)

 

0.176

Total

348 (100)

  

5181 (100)

   
  1. aNo significant difference in gender proportions between presentations with and without psychosis (p = 0.091)
  2. bp-value for comparison of age
  3. ED: emergency department; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation