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Table 2 Proportion of NSSI behaviors in adolescents by gender

From: Low health literacy and psychological symptoms potentially increase the risks of non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese middle school students

Methods

Total Sample

Male

Female

x 2

φ

1. Have you ever hit yourself?

   

0.012

0.001

 No

21964 (86.5)

10670 (48.6)

11294 (51.4)

  

 Yes

3414 (13.5)

1655 (48.5)

1759 (51.5)

  

2. Have you ever pulled your hair yourself?

   

29.842 ***

−0.034 ***

 No

22962 (90.5)

11024 (48.0)

11938 (52.0)

  

 Yes

2416 (9.5)

1301 (53.8)

1115 (46.2)

  

3. Have you ever banged your head or fist against something?

  

337.334 ***

−0.115 ***

 No

20992 (82.7)

9642 (45.9)

11350 (54.1)

  

 Yes

4386 (17.3)

2683 (61.2)

1703 (38.8)

  

4. Have you ever pinched or scratched yourself?

   

189.405***

0.086 ***

 No

22779 (89.8)

11395 (50.0)

11384 (50.0)

  

 Yes

2599 (10.2)

930 (35.8)

1669 (64.2)

  

5. Have you ever bitten yourself?

   

84.766***

0.058 ***

 No

23688 (93.3)

11687 (49.3)

12001 (50.7)

  

 Yes

1690 (6.7)

638 (37.8)

1052 (62.2)

  

6. Have you ever cut or pierced yourself?

   

59.657***

0.048 ***

 No

24034 (94.7)

11810 (49.1)

12224 (50.9)

  

 Yes

1344 (5.3)

515 (38.3)

829 (61.7)

  

7. Have you ever exposed yourself to smoke, fire, and flames or come in contact with heat and hot substances?

   

40.719***

−0.040 ***

 No

24560 (96.8)

11838 (48.2)

12722 (51.8)

  

 Yes

818 (3.2)

487 (59.5)

331 (40.5)

  

8. Have you ever ingested a toxic substance or object?

   

25.572***

−0.032 ***

 No

25017 (98.6)

12102 (48.4)

12915 (51.6)

  

 Yes

361 (1.4)

223 (61.8)

138 (38.2)

  
  1. Statistical methods: Chi-square test
  2. *** P < 0.001