Table 1 Published studies using the group format CRT in the field of eating disorders

(Tchanturia, Larsson & Brown, 2016) [23]

Neuropsychiatry

42 completed DFlex, 77 CFS self-report questionnaires Age range: 17–59. 6 sessions.

Detail and Flexibility Questionnaire (DFlex) [16]. Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS) [12]

Significant improvement in the patients’ self-reported cognitive flexibility and bigger picture thinking, as well as in self-reported ability to change.

Dflex Rig d = 0.36, Dflex Det d = 0.37, CFS d = 0.18, MR Abi d = 0.34

(Lang et al., 2015) [10]

Psychiatry Research

6 female patients and 6 mothers, One off group to support the parents and patients, Mix adult/adolescents. AN Age range: 14–32.

Neuropsychological measures (Wisconsin card sorting task; The Rey Osterrieth Complex Figures Test) and Qualitative interview post-completion.

Overall positive feedback from the qualitative interview. Statistical analysis was not conducted, but an improvement on both patients and mothers neuropsychological scores post-intervention was observed.

N/A

(Asch et al., 2014) [2]

Encephale

10 adolescents (Final: 2). Age range: 12–17. Inpatients. 10 sessions.

Clinical inventories and neuropsychological assessments (WCST, TMT, Brixton)

Statistical analysis not conducted-improvement on most neuropsychological tests and clinical inventories.

N/A

(Zuchova, Erler & Papezova, 2013) [30]

Eating and Weight Disorders

2 groups 14 and 20 patients each. Adults. Inpatients. (33:1 F:M). Age range:16–35. 10 sessions .

No formal outcomes assessed. Observational study reporting positive evaluation from patients and facilitators.

Positive feedback from patients and facilitators. Patients able to reflect more post-treatment and tolerate own mistakes.

N/A

(Pretorius et al., 2012) [15]

European Eating Disorder Review

30 adolescents (29:1 F:M). (Final sample: 24). Day patients. Age range: 12–17. 4 sessions.

Cognitive flexibility Scale (CFS). Motivational Ruler (MR)

No significant differences on the CFS or Motivational ruler.

CFS d = 0.1, MR Imp d = 0.1, MR Abil d = 0.05

(Wood, Al-Khairulla & Lask, 2011) [29]

Clinical Child Psychology/Psychiatry

9 adolescents. Age range 13–19. One off group. 10 sessions.

No formal outcomes assessed. Observational study reporting positive evaluation from patients and facilitators

Participants appeared more aware of individual cognitive styles. Visible improvements in performance on some tasks.

N/A

(Genders & Tchanturia, 2010) [5]

Eating and Weigh Disorders

30 adults. (28:2 F:M). Age range: 14–60. Pilot group. 4 Sessions.

CFS, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), MR.

MR Ability to change significantly improved. No significant change in CFS or RSE. Positive feedback from patients.

MR Ab d = 0.5, MR Imp d = 0.06, CFS d = 0.05, RSE d = 0.1